@article{cc68ecec8bf44b10a782dc8b909c1018,
title = "Opto-electronic feedback control of membrane potential for real-time control of action potentials",
abstract = "To unlock new research possibilities by acquiring control of action potential (AP) morphologies in excitable cells, we developed an opto-electronic feedback loop-based system integrating cellular electrophysiology, real-time computing, and optogenetic approaches and applied it to monolayers of heart muscle cells. This allowed accurate restoration and preservation of cardiac AP morphologies in the presence of electrical perturbations of different origin in an unsupervised, self-regulatory manner, without any prior knowledge of the disturbance. Moreover, arbitrary AP waveforms could be enforced onto these cells. Collectively, these results set the stage for the refinement and application of opto-electronic control systems to enable in-depth investigation into the regulatory role of membrane potential in health and disease.",
keywords = "CP: Neuroscience, action potential, membrane potential, cellular electrophysiology, feedback loop, real-time computing, optogenetics, closed-loop control, system integration, heart muscle cells",
author = "Bal{\'a}zs {\"O}rd{\"o}g and {De Coster}, Tim and Dekker, {Sven O.} and Bart, {Cindy I.} and Juan Zhang and Boink, {Gerard J.J.} and Bax, {Wilhelmina H.} and Shanliang Deng and {den Ouden}, {Bram L.} and {de Vries}, {Antoine A.F.} and Pijnappels, {Dani{\"e}l A.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Teun P. de Boer, UMC Utrecht, for his helpful advice on real-time data acquisition and processing. This work was supported by the European Research Council (starting grant 716509 and consolidator grant 101044831 to D.A.P.). Conceptualization, B.{\"O}. T.D.C. A.A.F.d.V. and D.A.P.; methodology, B.{\"O}. T.D.C. B.L.d.O. S.D. and A.A.F.d.V.; software, T.D.C. and B.{\"O}.; investigation, B.{\"O}. S.O.D. C.I.B. J.Z. and W.H.B.; visualization, B.{\"O}. and T.D.C.; writing – original draft, B.{\"O}. T.D.C. and D.A.P.; writing – review and editing, B.{\"O}. T.D.C. A.A.F.d.V. D.A.P. and G.J.J.B. The authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: We thank Teun P. de Boer, UMC Utrecht, for his helpful advice on real-time data acquisition and processing. This work was supported by the European Research Council (starting grant 716509 and consolidator grant 101044831 to D.A.P.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors",
year = "2023",
month = dec,
day = "18",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100671",
language = "English",
volume = "3",
journal = "Cell Reports Methods",
issn = "2667-2375",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "12",
}