Plasma Biomarkers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Systemic Inflammation and Immune Activation in Sub-Saharan Africa Before and During Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

Stefanie Kroeze, Ferdinand W Wit, Theresa M Rossouw, Helen C Steel, Cissy M Kityo, Margaret Siwale, Sulaimon Akanmu, Kishor Mandaliya, Marleen de Jager, Pascale Ondoa, Peter Reiss, Tobias F Rinke de Wit, Neeltje Kootstra, Raph L Hamers

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32 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We evaluated immune biomarker profiles in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults (n = 398) from 5 African countries. Although all biomarkers decreased after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, levels of C-X-C chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, C-reactive protein, soluble CD163, and soluble scavenger receptor CD14 were significantly higher during ART than in an HIV-uninfected reference group (n = 90), indicating persistent monocyte/macrophage activation, inflammation, and microbial translocation. Before ART initiation, high HIV viral load was associated with elevated CXCL10 and tuberculosis coinfection was associated with elevated soluble CD14. High pre-ART levels of each biomarker strongly predicted residual immune activation during ART. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 were differentially expressed between countries. Further research is needed on the clinical implications of residual immune dysregulation.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1029-1033
Number of pages5
JournalJournal of infectious diseases
Volume220
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 9 Aug 2019

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