Postoperative Outcomes of Patients With Nonperforated Gangrenous Appendicitis: A National Multicenter Prospective Cohort Analysis

Snapshot Appendicitis Study Group

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists regarding the use of postoperative antibiotics for nonperforated gangrenous appendicitis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of postoperative infectious complications and the effect of postoperative antibiotic use among patients with nonperforated gangrenous appendicitis. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study conducted during 2 months. SETTINGS: A national multicenter observational study was conducted in 62 Dutch hospitals. PATIENTS: All of the consecutive patients who had surgery for suspected acute appendicitis were included. Patients were excluded if no appendectomy was performed or appendectomy was performed for pathology other than acute appendicitis. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Type of appendicitis was categorized as phlegmonous, gangrenous, or perforated. The primary end point was the rate of infectious complications (intra-abdominal abscess and surgical site infection) within 30 days after appendectomy. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of infectious complications. RESULTS: A total of 1863 patients were included: 1321 (70.9%) with phlegmonous appendicitis, 181 (9.7%) with gangrenous appendicitis, and 361 (19.4%) with perforated appendicitis. Infectious complications were more frequent in patients with gangrenous versus phlegmonous appendicitis (7.2% vs 3.8%; p = 0.03). This association was no longer statistically significant in multivariable analysis (OR = 1.09 (95% CI, 0.49-2.44)). There was no significant difference in infectious complications between ≤24 hours (n = 57) of postoperative antibiotics compared with >24 hours (n = 124; 3.6% vs 8.9%; p = 0.35) in patients with gangrenous appendicitis. LIMITATIONS: Possible interobserver variability in the intraoperative classification of appendicitis was a study limitation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with nonperforated gangrenous appendicitis are at higher risk of infectious complications than patients with phlegmonous appendicitis, yet gangrenous disease is not an independent risk factor. Postoperative antibiotic use over 24 hours was not associated with decreased infectious complications. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A1000. RESULTADOS POSTOPERATORIOS DE PACIENTES CON APENDICITIS GANGRENOSA NO PERFORADA: UN ANÁLISIS DE COHORTE PROSPECTIVO MULTICÉNTRICO NACIONAL:: Existe controversia sobre el uso de antibióticos postoperatorios para la apendicitis gangrenosa no perforada.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la tasa de complicaciones infecciosas postoperatorias y el efecto del uso de antibióticos postoperatorios en pacientes con apendicitis gangrenosa no perforada.Estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado durante dos meses.Estudio observacional multicéntrico nacional en 62 hospitales holandeses.Todos los pacientes consecutivos sometidos a cirugía por sospecha de apendicitis aguda. Los pacientes fueron excluidos si no se realizó una apendicectomía o si se realizó una apendicectomía para otra patología que no fuera la apendicitis aguda.El tipo de apendicitis se clasificó como flegmonosa, gangrenosa o perforada. El criterio de valoración primario fue la tasa de complicaciones infecciosas (absceso intraabdominal e infección en el sitio quirúrgico) dentro de los 30 días posteriores a la apendicectomía. Se realizaron análisis de regresión logística univariables y multivariables para identificar predictores de complicaciones infecciosas.Se incluyeron un total de 1863 pacientes: 1321 (70,9%) con apendicitis flegmonosa, 181 (9,7%) con apendicitis gangrenosa y 361 (19,4%) con apendicitis perforada. Las complicaciones infecciosas fueron más frecuentes en pacientes con apendicitis gangrenosa frente a flegmonosa (7,2% frente a 3,8%, p = 0,03). Esta asociación ya no fue estadísticamente significativa en el análisis multivariable (OR 1,09; IC del 95%: 0,49 a 2,44). No hubo diferencias significativas en las complicaciones infecciosas entre ≤ 24 h (n = 57) de los antibióticos postoperatorios en comparación con> 24 h (n = 124) (3,6% vs. 8,9%, p = 0,35) en pacientes con apendicitis gangrenosa.Posible variabilidad interobservador en la clasificación intraoperatoria de la apendicitis.Los pacientes con apendicitis gangrenosa no perforada tienen un mayor riesgo de complicaciones infecciosas que los pacientes con apendicitis flegmonosa, aunque la enfermedad gangrenosa no es un factor de riesgo independiente. El uso de antibióticos postoperatorios durante 24 horas no se asoció con una disminución de las complicaciones infecciosas. Vea el Resumen del Video en http://links.lww.com/DCR/A1000.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1363-1370
Number of pages8
JournalDiseases of the colon and rectum
Volume62
Issue number11
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Nov 2019

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