TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of pathogens in young children presenting to hospital with diarrhea from Lambaréné, Gabon
AU - Manouana, Gédéon Prince
AU - Byrne, Natalie
AU - Mbong Ngwese, Mirabeau
AU - Nguema Moure, Alvyn
AU - Hofmann, Philipp
AU - Bingoulou Matsougou, Gedeon
AU - Lotola Mougeni, Fabrice
AU - Nnoh Dansou, Elsy
AU - Agbanrin, Maradona Daouda
AU - Mapikou Gouleu, Christiane Sidonie
AU - Ategbo, Simon
AU - Zinsou, Jeannot Fréjus
AU - Adegbite, Bayode Romeo
AU - Edoa, Jean Ronald
AU - Kremsner, Peter Gottfried
AU - Mordmüller, Benjamin
AU - Eibach, Daniel
AU - McCall, Matthew
AU - Abraham, Alabi
AU - Borrmann, Steffen
AU - Adegnika, Ayola Akim
N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank Danny Carrel Manfoumbi Mabicka and Jean Mermoz Ndong Essono Ondong for their support during sample pretreatment and storage. We extend our thanks to Adele Bia, our study nurse, and all participants. This study is part of the EDCTP program supported by the European Union. A. A. A. and M. G. P. are members of CANTAM (EDCTP-RegNet2015-1045) and PANDORA-ID-Net (EDCTP Grant Agreement RIA2016E-1609) networks. MGP is supported by CANTAM (EDCTP-RegNet2015-1045). The project is part of DFG funded grant GZ EI 1044/1-1 AOBJ. Funding Information: Financial support: This study is part of the EDCTP program supported by the European Union. A. A. A. and M. G. P. are members of CANTAM (EDCTP-RegNet2015-1045) and PANDORA-ID-Net (EDCTP Grant Agreement RIA2016E-1609) networks. MGP is supported by CAN-TAM (EDCTP-RegNet2015-1045). The project is part of DFG funded grant GZ EI 1044/1–1 AOBJ. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2021 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
PY - 2021/7/7
Y1 - 2021/7/7
N2 - Diarrheal disease is the second most frequent cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years worldwide, causing more than half a million deaths each year. Our knowledge of the epidemiology of potentially pathogenic agents found in children suffering from diarrhea in sub-Saharan African countries is still patchy, and thereby hinders implementation of effective preventative interventions. The lack of cheap, easy-to-use diagnostic tools leads to mostly symptomatic and empirical case management. An observational study with a total of 241 participants was conducted from February 2017 to August 2018 among children younger than 5 years with diarrhea in Lambaréné, Gabon. Clinical and demographic data were recorded, and a stool sample was collected. The samples were examined using a commercial rapid immunoassay to detect Rotavirus/adenovirus, conventional bacterial culture for Salmonella spp., and multiplex real-time PCR for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Cyclospora cayetanensis, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)/Shigella. At least one infectious agent was present in 121 of 241 (50%) samples. The most frequently isolated pathogens were EIEC/Shigella and ETEC (54/179; 30.2% and 44/179; 24.6%, respectively), followed by G. lamblia (33/241; 13.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (31/241; 12.9%), and Rotavirus (23/241; 9.5%). Coinfection with multiple pathogens was observed in 33% (40/121) of the positive cases with EIEC/Shigella, ETEC, and Cryptosporidium spp. most frequently identified. Our results provide new insight into the possible causes of diarrheal disease in the Moyen-Ogooué region of Gabon and motivate further research on possible modes of infection and targeted preventive measures.
AB - Diarrheal disease is the second most frequent cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years worldwide, causing more than half a million deaths each year. Our knowledge of the epidemiology of potentially pathogenic agents found in children suffering from diarrhea in sub-Saharan African countries is still patchy, and thereby hinders implementation of effective preventative interventions. The lack of cheap, easy-to-use diagnostic tools leads to mostly symptomatic and empirical case management. An observational study with a total of 241 participants was conducted from February 2017 to August 2018 among children younger than 5 years with diarrhea in Lambaréné, Gabon. Clinical and demographic data were recorded, and a stool sample was collected. The samples were examined using a commercial rapid immunoassay to detect Rotavirus/adenovirus, conventional bacterial culture for Salmonella spp., and multiplex real-time PCR for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Cyclospora cayetanensis, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)/Shigella. At least one infectious agent was present in 121 of 241 (50%) samples. The most frequently isolated pathogens were EIEC/Shigella and ETEC (54/179; 30.2% and 44/179; 24.6%, respectively), followed by G. lamblia (33/241; 13.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (31/241; 12.9%), and Rotavirus (23/241; 9.5%). Coinfection with multiple pathogens was observed in 33% (40/121) of the positive cases with EIEC/Shigella, ETEC, and Cryptosporidium spp. most frequently identified. Our results provide new insight into the possible causes of diarrheal disease in the Moyen-Ogooué region of Gabon and motivate further research on possible modes of infection and targeted preventive measures.
KW - Adenoviridae Infections/epidemiology
KW - Adenoviruses, Human
KW - Bacterial Infections/epidemiology
KW - Child, Preschool
KW - Coinfection/epidemiology
KW - Diarrhea/epidemiology
KW - Female
KW - Gabon/epidemiology
KW - Humans
KW - Infant
KW - Infant, Newborn
KW - Male
KW - Protozoan Infections/epidemiology
KW - Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109652607&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1290
DO - https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1290
M3 - Article
C2 - 34232911
SN - 0002-9637
VL - 105
SP - 254
EP - 260
JO - American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
JF - American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
IS - 1
ER -