Prognostic value of left ventricular reverse remodelling and recurrent mitral regurgitation after personalized surgical treatment of patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and functional mitral regurgitation

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of left ventricular reverse remodelling (LVRR) and recurrent mitral regurgitation (MR) at mid-Term follow-up (1-2 years after surgery) in patients after personalized surgical treatment of heart failure and functional MR due to non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and to assess their prognostic impact on long-Term clinical outcomes. METHODS Consecutive patients with refractory heart failure and non-ischaemic MR, who underwent mitral valve surgery with or without additional procedures, were identified. Patients with complete preoperative and mid-Term echocardiographic data were included. LVRR (≥15% decrease in indexed left ventricular end-systolic volume) and recurrent MR (≥ Grade 2) were echocardiographically assessed at mid-Term follow-up, and the primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality and heart transplantation (HTx-free survival). RESULTS The prevalence of LVRR was 38%, and the prevalence of recurrent MR was 20% at mid-Term follow-up. The absence of LVRR and the presence of recurrent MR-which were highly correlated-were significantly associated with worse HTx-free survival. HTx-free survival 1 and 3 years after mid-Term follow-up were 100% and 88 ± 6% in patients with LVRR (n = 29), 82 ± 7% and 68 ± 8% in patients without LVRR and without recurrent MR (n = 34), and 49 ± 14% and 33 ± 13% in patients without LVRR and with recurrent MR (n = 14). CONCLUSIONS Patients with LVRR at mid-Term follow-up showed favourable HTx-free survival, whereas HTx-free survival was significantly worse in patients without LVRR and without recurrent MR and extremely poor in patients without LVRR and with recurrent MR. Close echocardiographic monitoring is warranted for timely identification of this latter subgroup of patients, in order to re-evaluate additional treatment options and improve their prognosis.