Recent observations related to the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, functional gastrointestinal disorder characterised by continuous or remittent abdominal pain, bloating and altered defecation. Population-based prevalence of IBS has been reported at up to 20% of the general population. Despite intense research in recent decades, the pathogenesis of IBS remains only partially understood, thus no specific and universally effective patient-management strategies have so far been developed. Both central and peripheral nervous system factors may contribute its pathogenesis, including altered central nervous system and sensory afferent function, altered colonic motor function, visceral hypersensitivity, micro-inflammation of intestinal mucosa and changes in neural transmission within the gut. Psychological and psychiatric co-morbidity is common among patients with IBS, and genetic factors also may influence the development of IBS symptoms. This article aims to provide an overview of recent clinical data related to the pathogenesis of the disease.