TY - JOUR
T1 - Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation–Induced Neuroplasticity and the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders
T2 - State of the Evidence and Future Opportunities
AU - Fitzsimmons, Sophie M. D. D.
AU - Oostra, Eva
AU - Postma, Tjardo S.
AU - van der Werf, Ysbrand D.
AU - van den Heuvel, Odile A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Society of Biological Psychiatry
PY - 2024/3/15
Y1 - 2024/3/15
N2 - Neuroplasticity, or activity-dependent neuronal change, is a crucial mechanism underlying the mechanisms of effect of many therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders, one of which is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Understanding the neuroplastic effects of rTMS at different biological scales and on different timescales and how the effects at different scales interact with each other can help us understand the effects of rTMS in clinical populations and offers the potential to improve treatment outcomes. Several decades of research in the fields of neuroimaging and blood biomarkers is increasingly showing its clinical relevance, allowing measurement of the synaptic, functional, and structural changes involved in neuroplasticity in humans. In this narrative review, we describe the evidence for rTMS-induced neuroplasticity at multiple levels of the nervous system, with a focus on the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We also describe the relationship between neuroplasticity and clinical effects, discuss methods to optimize neuroplasticity, and identify future research opportunities in this area.
AB - Neuroplasticity, or activity-dependent neuronal change, is a crucial mechanism underlying the mechanisms of effect of many therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders, one of which is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Understanding the neuroplastic effects of rTMS at different biological scales and on different timescales and how the effects at different scales interact with each other can help us understand the effects of rTMS in clinical populations and offers the potential to improve treatment outcomes. Several decades of research in the fields of neuroimaging and blood biomarkers is increasingly showing its clinical relevance, allowing measurement of the synaptic, functional, and structural changes involved in neuroplasticity in humans. In this narrative review, we describe the evidence for rTMS-induced neuroplasticity at multiple levels of the nervous system, with a focus on the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We also describe the relationship between neuroplasticity and clinical effects, discuss methods to optimize neuroplasticity, and identify future research opportunities in this area.
KW - BDNF
KW - Neuroimaging
KW - Neuroplasticity
KW - Psychiatry
KW - rTMS
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85181245820&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.016
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.016
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38040046
SN - 0006-3223
VL - 95
SP - 592
EP - 600
JO - Biological Psychiatry
JF - Biological Psychiatry
IS - 6
ER -