Role of anaerobic spore-forming bacteria in the acidogenesis of glucose: changes induced by discontinuous or low-rate feed supply

A mineral salts medium containing 1% (w/v) glucose providing carbon-limited growth conditions was subjected to anaerobic acidogenesis by mixed populations of bacteria in chemostat cultures. The formation of butyrate was shown to be dependent on the presence of saccharolytic anaerobic sporeformers in the acid-forming population. By the use of pasteurized activated sludge as an inoculum a culture was obtained consisting solely of anaerobic sporeformers that gave rise to the formation of butyrate, acetate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide as the main fermentation products. No formation of propionate could be detected. In this culture, the role of sporulation was investigated by applying periods of starvation and a single-step lowering of dilution rate (shift-down). In an experiment using a mineral salts medium supplemented with 1% (w/v) glucose and 0.5% (w/v) casein hydrolysate formation of refractile forespores as well as cell lysis could be demonstrated after 6 h starvation. In mixed cultures, initially inoculated with non-pasteurized activated sludge, a regular interruption of feed supply for 1 h per day resulted in selection of non-sporulating anaerobes. The fermentation pattern changed to a production of propionate and acetate, with a concomitant reduction of gas production. Similar results were obtained with shift-down in dilution rate. A relative increase of propionate-forming bacteria was accomplished in a continuous culture experiment with regular two times 2-h periods of starvation per day. The propionate-forming microbial population consisted predominantly of curved rods, tentatively identified as Selenomonas sp