Single and combined neurotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of 5GHz MIMO waves and computed tomography irradiation in male Wistar rats

A significant public concern is how technologies that emit electromagnetic waves interact and affect the biota because they are linked to the dysregulation of genes involved in neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and normal cellular function. Standard methods have been used to study how the combination of electromagnetic waves from 5 GHz radio and computed tomography (CT) irradiation affects whole blood parameters, neurobehavioural profiles, genomic DNA, and p53 gene expression in Wistar rats grouped into five, namely, I-Negative control, II-sham, III-5 GHz only, IV-5 GHz + CT, V-CT. The 5 GHz router was connected to the internet using an ethernet cable and the specific absorbance rate (SAR) was measured as 0.54W/kg and 24 V/0.5A power density, while CT parameters were set at 140 K.v, 300 mA, 5.3 cv at a 1.0-s speed for 60 s. Genomic DNA was isolated from rats’ cerebral cortex, while target gene and internal control primers (GAPDH) were synthesized for tumor suppressor (p53) gene expression and electrophoresed on a 1.2% agarose gel. We found that CT irradiation had gross effects on platelets, white blood cell counts, memory, hepatic and testicular histoarchitectures compared to the 5 GHz-only group. However, there was a loss of p53 (exons 5–7) gene bands in electrophoresed data with increased micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte count in the 5 GHz group. Regardless of the interferential interaction in the combination group, the deleterious effects of non-ionizing and ionizing irradiation in the single and combined exposure groups predict functional abnormalities and dysregulated cellular processes from high electromagnetic fields exposure in biological systems.