TY - JOUR
T1 - Sufficient sleep duration contributes to lower cardiovascular disease risk in addition to four traditional lifestyle factors
T2 - The MORGEN study
AU - Hoevenaar-Blom, Marieke P.
AU - Spijkerman, Annemieke M.W.
AU - Kromhout, Daan
AU - Verschuren, W. M.Monique
N1 - Funding Information: The Monitoring Project on Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases (MORGEN study) is supported by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport for the Netherlands and the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Publisher Copyright: © 2013 The European Society of Cardiology.
PY - 2014/11/11
Y1 - 2014/11/11
N2 - Background: The contribution of sufficient sleep duration to lower CVD risk in addition to sufficient physical activity, a healthy diet, (moderate) alcohol consumption, and non-smoking has not been investigated yet.Design: The MORGEN study is a prospective cohort study including 8128 men and 9759 women aged 20-65 years, free of CVD at baseline.Methods: Sufficient physical activity (≥3.5 h/week cycling or sports), a healthy diet (Mediterranean Diet Score ≥5), (moderate) alcohol consumption (≥1 beverage/month), non-smoking, and sufficient sleep duration (≥7 hours) were assessed by self-administered questionnaires between 1994 and 1997. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were ascertained through linkage with national registers. Hazard ratios and preventable proportions were calculated adjusted for age, sex, and educational level.Results: During 1014 years of follow up, 607 composite CVD events (fatal CVD, nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke) occurred, of which 129 were fatal. Those with the four traditional healthy lifestyle factors had a 57% lower risk of composite CVD (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.310.59) and a 67% lower risk of fatal CVD (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.160.68) compared with those with none or one healthy lifestyle factor. Sleeping sufficiently in addition to the four traditional lifestyle factors resulted in a 65% lower risk of composite CVD (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.23-0.52), and an 83% lower risk of fatal CVD (HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.070.43).Conclusions: Sufficient sleep and adherence to all four traditional healthy lifestyle factors was associated with lower CVD risk. When sufficient sleep duration was added to the traditional lifestyle factors, the risk of CVD was further reduced.
AB - Background: The contribution of sufficient sleep duration to lower CVD risk in addition to sufficient physical activity, a healthy diet, (moderate) alcohol consumption, and non-smoking has not been investigated yet.Design: The MORGEN study is a prospective cohort study including 8128 men and 9759 women aged 20-65 years, free of CVD at baseline.Methods: Sufficient physical activity (≥3.5 h/week cycling or sports), a healthy diet (Mediterranean Diet Score ≥5), (moderate) alcohol consumption (≥1 beverage/month), non-smoking, and sufficient sleep duration (≥7 hours) were assessed by self-administered questionnaires between 1994 and 1997. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were ascertained through linkage with national registers. Hazard ratios and preventable proportions were calculated adjusted for age, sex, and educational level.Results: During 1014 years of follow up, 607 composite CVD events (fatal CVD, nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke) occurred, of which 129 were fatal. Those with the four traditional healthy lifestyle factors had a 57% lower risk of composite CVD (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.310.59) and a 67% lower risk of fatal CVD (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.160.68) compared with those with none or one healthy lifestyle factor. Sleeping sufficiently in addition to the four traditional lifestyle factors resulted in a 65% lower risk of composite CVD (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.23-0.52), and an 83% lower risk of fatal CVD (HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.070.43).Conclusions: Sufficient sleep and adherence to all four traditional healthy lifestyle factors was associated with lower CVD risk. When sufficient sleep duration was added to the traditional lifestyle factors, the risk of CVD was further reduced.
KW - Alcohol
KW - cardiovascular disease incidence
KW - cardiovascular mortality
KW - diet
KW - healthy lifestyle
KW - physical activity
KW - sleep duration
KW - smoking
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84908868794&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487313493057
DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487313493057
M3 - Article
C2 - 23823570
SN - 2047-4873
VL - 21
SP - 1367
EP - 1375
JO - European journal of preventive cardiology
JF - European journal of preventive cardiology
IS - 11
ER -