TY - JOUR
T1 - Targeting the Dietary Na
T2 - K Ratio - Considerations for Design of an Intervention Study to Impact Blood Pressure
AU - Baer, David J.
AU - Althouse, Andrew
AU - Hermann, Mindy
AU - Johnson, Janice
AU - Maki, Kevin C.
AU - Marklund, Matti
AU - Vogt, Liffert
AU - Wesson, Donald
AU - Stallings, Virginia A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2021.
PY - 2022/1/1
Y1 - 2022/1/1
N2 - Despite medical, dietary, and lifestyle recommendations and drug advancements, hypertension persists as among the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases in the US population, and control remains elusive. Uncontrolled hypertension may increase the risk of serious illness from various other health challenges, including cardiovascular and renal responses. Adoption of a healthy diet is a consistent core element of lifestyle modifications that are recommended for mitigation of hypertension. The dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio is recognized as having promising potential in the regulation of blood pressure. In fact, the understanding of the relation between this ratio and blood pressure was documented as a key evidence gap in the 2019 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report that revised recommended intake levels for both sodium and potassium. Although notable animal and human evidence supports this point, fundamental to developing a specific dietary recommendation for a sodium-to-potassium ratio is a well-designed human intervention trial. The successful translatability of such a trial will require careful consideration of study elements, including the study population, duration, blood pressure measurement, and dietary intervention, among other factors. This paper addresses these decision points and serves as supporting documentation for a research group or organization with the interest and means to address this important data gap, which will undoubtedly be foundational for advancing dietary guidance and would inform the next iteration of Dietary Reference Intakes for sodium and potassium.
AB - Despite medical, dietary, and lifestyle recommendations and drug advancements, hypertension persists as among the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases in the US population, and control remains elusive. Uncontrolled hypertension may increase the risk of serious illness from various other health challenges, including cardiovascular and renal responses. Adoption of a healthy diet is a consistent core element of lifestyle modifications that are recommended for mitigation of hypertension. The dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio is recognized as having promising potential in the regulation of blood pressure. In fact, the understanding of the relation between this ratio and blood pressure was documented as a key evidence gap in the 2019 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report that revised recommended intake levels for both sodium and potassium. Although notable animal and human evidence supports this point, fundamental to developing a specific dietary recommendation for a sodium-to-potassium ratio is a well-designed human intervention trial. The successful translatability of such a trial will require careful consideration of study elements, including the study population, duration, blood pressure measurement, and dietary intervention, among other factors. This paper addresses these decision points and serves as supporting documentation for a research group or organization with the interest and means to address this important data gap, which will undoubtedly be foundational for advancing dietary guidance and would inform the next iteration of Dietary Reference Intakes for sodium and potassium.
KW - Dietary Reference Intakes
KW - Na:K ratio
KW - hypertension
KW - potassium
KW - sodium
KW - sodium-to-potassium ratio
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123968659&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab099
DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab099
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34490457
SN - 2161-8313
VL - 13
SP - 225
EP - 233
JO - Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
JF - Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
IS - 1
ER -