Temporal relationship between cognitive and physical performance in middle-aged to oldest old people

Marjon Stijntjes, Marja J. Aartsen, Diana G. Taekema, Jacobijn Gussekloo, Martijn Huisman, Carel G.M. Meskers, Anton J.M. De Craen, Andrea B. Maier

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41 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Cognitive and physical impairment frequently co-occur in older people. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal order of these age-related changes in cognitive and physical performance and to assess whether a relationship was different across specific cognitive and physical domains and age groups. Methods: Cognitive domains included global, executive, and memory function; physical domains included gait speed and handgrip strength. These domains were assessed in two population-based longitudinal cohorts covering the age ranges of 55-64, 65-74, 75-85, and 85-90 years with a follow-up of 5-12 years. Cross-lagged panel models were applied to assess the temporal relationships between the different cognitive and physical domains adjusting for age, sex, education, comorbidity, depressive symptoms, and physical activity. Results: Over all age groups, poorer executive function was associated with a steeper decline in gait speed (p < .05). From the age of 85 years, this relationship was found across all cognitive and physical domains (p < .02). From the age of 65 years, slower gait speed and/or weaker handgrip strength were associated with steeper declines in global cognitive function (p < .02), with statistically significant results across all cognitive domains in the age group of 75-85 years (p < .04). Conclusions: The temporal relationship between cognitive and physical performance differs across domains and age, suggesting a specific rather than a general relationship. This emphasizes the importance of repeated measurements on different domains and encourages future research to the development of domain-and age-specific interventions.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)662-668
Number of pages7
JournalJournals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Volume72
Issue number5
Early online date1 Aug 2016
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 May 2017

Keywords

  • Dynamic relationship
  • Executive function
  • Gait speed
  • Handgrip strength
  • Memory function

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