TY - JOUR
T1 - The Association of Vitamin D and Vitamin K Status with Subclinical Measures of Cardiovascular Health and All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults: The Hoorn Study
T2 - The Hoorn Study
AU - Dal Canto, Elisa
AU - Beulens, Joline W. J.
AU - Elders, Petra
AU - Rutters, Femke
AU - Stehouwer, Coen D. A.
AU - van der Heijden, Amber A.
AU - van Ballegooijen, Adriana J.
PY - 2020/12/1
Y1 - 2020/12/1
N2 - Background: A low vitamin D and K status has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but the evidence of their combined effect on cardiovascular health is limited. Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the prospective association of vitamin D and K status with subclinical measures of cardiovascular health and all-cause mortality among a population of Dutch Caucasians. Methods: We performed an observational prospective study on 601 participants of the Hoorn Study (mean ± SD age: 70 ± 6 y, 50.4% women, BMI: 27.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2), of whom 321 underwent an echocardiogram in 2000-2001 and 2007-2009. Vitamin D and K status was assessed at baseline by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and plasma desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix-gla protein (dp-ucMGP) - high concentrations indicate low vitamin K status. Vital status was assessed from baseline until 2018. We studied the association of categories of 25(OH)D(stratified by the clinical cutoff of 50 mmol/L) and dp-ucMGP (stratified by the median value of 568 pmol/L) with echocardiographic measures using linear regression and with all-cause mortality using Cox regression, adjusted for confounders. Results: Compared with markers of normal vitamin D and K status, markers of low vitamin D and K status were prospectively associated with increased left ventricular mass index (5.9 g/m2.7; 95% CI: 1.8, 10.0 g/m2.7). Participants with low vitamin D and K status were also at increased risk of all-cause mortality with an HR of 1.64 (95% CI: 1.12, 2.39) compared with normal vitamin D and K status. Conclusions: A combination of low vitamin D and K status is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling and increased risk of all-cause mortality in men and women. Future studies should investigate whether vitamin D and K supplementation could help to improve cardiovascular health and to decrease CVD risk.
AB - Background: A low vitamin D and K status has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but the evidence of their combined effect on cardiovascular health is limited. Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the prospective association of vitamin D and K status with subclinical measures of cardiovascular health and all-cause mortality among a population of Dutch Caucasians. Methods: We performed an observational prospective study on 601 participants of the Hoorn Study (mean ± SD age: 70 ± 6 y, 50.4% women, BMI: 27.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2), of whom 321 underwent an echocardiogram in 2000-2001 and 2007-2009. Vitamin D and K status was assessed at baseline by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and plasma desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix-gla protein (dp-ucMGP) - high concentrations indicate low vitamin K status. Vital status was assessed from baseline until 2018. We studied the association of categories of 25(OH)D(stratified by the clinical cutoff of 50 mmol/L) and dp-ucMGP (stratified by the median value of 568 pmol/L) with echocardiographic measures using linear regression and with all-cause mortality using Cox regression, adjusted for confounders. Results: Compared with markers of normal vitamin D and K status, markers of low vitamin D and K status were prospectively associated with increased left ventricular mass index (5.9 g/m2.7; 95% CI: 1.8, 10.0 g/m2.7). Participants with low vitamin D and K status were also at increased risk of all-cause mortality with an HR of 1.64 (95% CI: 1.12, 2.39) compared with normal vitamin D and K status. Conclusions: A combination of low vitamin D and K status is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling and increased risk of all-cause mortality in men and women. Future studies should investigate whether vitamin D and K supplementation could help to improve cardiovascular health and to decrease CVD risk.
KW - cardiac structure
KW - dp-ucMGP
KW - echocardiography
KW - mortality
KW - vitamin D
KW - vitamin K
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85097968103&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa293
DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa293
M3 - Article
C2 - 33119768
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 150
SP - 3171
EP - 3179
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 12
ER -