TY - JOUR
T1 - The habitual diet of dutch adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis has pro-inflammatory properties and low diet quality scores
AU - de Kroon, Marlou L. A.
AU - Eussen, Simone R. B. M.
AU - Holmes, Bridget A.
AU - Harthoorn, Lucien F.
AU - Warners, Marijn J.
AU - Bredenoord, Albert J.
AU - van Rhijn, Bram D.
AU - van Doorn, Mylene
AU - Vlieg-Boerstra, Berber J.
N1 - Funding Information: Conflicts of Interest: S.R.B.M.E., B.A.H.*, L.F.H.* and M.L.A.v.D.* are (*former) employees of Danone Nutricia Research. A.J.B. received research funding from Nutricia, Norgine, SST and Bayer and received speaker and/or consulting fees from Laborie, Arena, EsoCap, Medtronic, Falk Pharma, Calypso Biotech, Gossamer, Robarts, Reckett Benkiser, Regeneron, AstraZeneca and holds equity interests in SST. B.J.V.-B. received research funding from Nutricia Research for nutritional analyses and received speaker fee from Nutricia and Mead Johnson. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/1/1
Y1 - 2021/1/1
N2 - We determined the nutritional adequacy and overall quality of the diets of adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Dietary intakes stratified by sex and age were compared to Dietary Reference Values (DRV). Overall diet quality was assessed by two independent Diet-Quality-Indices scores, the PANDiet and DHD-index, and compared to age-and gender-matched subjects from the general population. Lastly, food and nutrient intakes of EoE patients were compared to intakes of the general population. Saturated fat intake was significantly higher and dietary fiber intake significantly lower than the DRV in both males and females. In males, the DRV were not reached for potassium, magnesium, selenium, and vitamins A and D. In females, the DRV were not reached for iron, sodium, potassium, selenium, and vitamins A, B2, C and D. EoE patients had a significantly lower PANDiet and DHD-index compared to the general population, although the relative intake (per 1000 kcal) of vegetables/fruits/olives was significantly higher (yet still up to 65% below the recommended daily amounts) and alcohol intake was significantly lower compared to the general Dutch population. In conclusion, the composition of the habitual diet of adult EoE patients has several pro-inflammatory and thus unfavorable immunomodulatory properties, just as the general Dutch population, and EoE patients had lower overall diet quality scores than the general population. Due to the observational character of this study, further research is needed to explore whether this contributes to the development and progression of EoE.
AB - We determined the nutritional adequacy and overall quality of the diets of adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Dietary intakes stratified by sex and age were compared to Dietary Reference Values (DRV). Overall diet quality was assessed by two independent Diet-Quality-Indices scores, the PANDiet and DHD-index, and compared to age-and gender-matched subjects from the general population. Lastly, food and nutrient intakes of EoE patients were compared to intakes of the general population. Saturated fat intake was significantly higher and dietary fiber intake significantly lower than the DRV in both males and females. In males, the DRV were not reached for potassium, magnesium, selenium, and vitamins A and D. In females, the DRV were not reached for iron, sodium, potassium, selenium, and vitamins A, B2, C and D. EoE patients had a significantly lower PANDiet and DHD-index compared to the general population, although the relative intake (per 1000 kcal) of vegetables/fruits/olives was significantly higher (yet still up to 65% below the recommended daily amounts) and alcohol intake was significantly lower compared to the general Dutch population. In conclusion, the composition of the habitual diet of adult EoE patients has several pro-inflammatory and thus unfavorable immunomodulatory properties, just as the general Dutch population, and EoE patients had lower overall diet quality scores than the general population. Due to the observational character of this study, further research is needed to explore whether this contributes to the development and progression of EoE.
KW - Adults
KW - Diet
KW - Diet quality
KW - Eosinophilic esophagitis
KW - Food intakes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100202409&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010214
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010214
M3 - Article
C2 - 33451130
SN - 2072-6643
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 14
JO - NUTRIENTS
JF - NUTRIENTS
IS - 1
M1 - 214
ER -