TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy
AU - Casciano, Fabio
AU - Zauli, Enrico
AU - Rimondi, Erika
AU - Mura, Marco
AU - Previati, Maurizio
AU - Busin, Massimo
AU - Zauli, Giorgio
N1 - Funding Information: This manuscript was supported by local funds from the University of Ferrara grant numbers: 2020-FAR.L-CF_003 and 2021-FAR.L-CF_002. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Casciano, Zauli, Rimondi, Mura, Previati, Busin and Zauli.
PY - 2022/11/1
Y1 - 2022/11/1
N2 - The retina, the part of the eye, translates the light signal into an electric current that can be sent to the brain as visual information. To achieve this, the retina requires fine-tuned vascularization for its energy supply. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes alterations in the eye vascularization that reduce the oxygen supply with consequent retinal neurodegeneration. During DR, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway seems to coordinate retinal neurodegeneration with multiple anabolic and catabolic processes, such as autophagy, oxidative stress, cell death, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are closely related to chronic hyperglycemia. This review outlines the normal anatomy of the retina and how hyperglycemia can be involved in the neurodegeneration underlying this disease through over activation or inhibition of the mTOR pathway.
AB - The retina, the part of the eye, translates the light signal into an electric current that can be sent to the brain as visual information. To achieve this, the retina requires fine-tuned vascularization for its energy supply. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes alterations in the eye vascularization that reduce the oxygen supply with consequent retinal neurodegeneration. During DR, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway seems to coordinate retinal neurodegeneration with multiple anabolic and catabolic processes, such as autophagy, oxidative stress, cell death, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are closely related to chronic hyperglycemia. This review outlines the normal anatomy of the retina and how hyperglycemia can be involved in the neurodegeneration underlying this disease through over activation or inhibition of the mTOR pathway.
KW - autophagy
KW - diabetic retinopathy
KW - hyperglycemia
KW - inflammation
KW - mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
KW - oxidative stress
KW - reactive oxygen species (ROS)
KW - retinae
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142118481&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.973856
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.973856
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36388931
SN - 2296-858X
VL - 9
JO - Frontiers in Medicine
JF - Frontiers in Medicine
M1 - 973856
ER -