Two-year trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and their association with illness perception: A prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Elke Wynberg; Anouk Verveen; Hugo D. G. van Willigen; Pythia Nieuwkerk; Udi Davidovich; Anja Lok; Menno D. de Jong; Godelieve J. de Bree; Tjalling Leenstra; Hans Knoop; Maria Prins; Anders Boyd; Ivette Agard; Jane Ayal; Floor Cavdar; Marianne Craanen; Annemarieke Deuring; Annelies van Dijk; Maartje Dijkstra; Ertan Ersan; Laura del Grande; Joost Hartman; Nelleke Koedoot; Romy Lebbink; Dominique Loomans; Agata Makowska; Tom du Maine; Ilja de Man; Amy Matser; Lizenka van der Meij; Marleen van Polanen; Maria Oud; Clark Reid; Leeann Storey; Marc van Wijk; Joost van den Aardweg; Joyce van Assem; Marijne van Beek; Orlane Figaroa; Leah Frenkel; Marit van Gils; Xiaochuan Han; Agnes Harskamp-Holwerda; Mette Hazenberg; Soemeja Hidad; Nina de Jong; Neeltje Kootstra; Lara Kuijt; Eric P. Moll van Charante; Colin Russell; Karlijn van der Straten; Annelou van der Veen; Bas Verkaik; Gerben-Rienk Visser; RECoVERED Study Group

doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13190

Two-year trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and their association with illness perception: A prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Elke Wynberg, Anouk Verveen, Hugo D. G. van Willigen, Pythia Nieuwkerk, Udi Davidovich, Anja Lok, Menno D. de Jong, Godelieve J. de Bree, Tjalling Leenstra, Hans Knoop, Maria Prins, Anders Boyd, Ivette Agard, Jane Ayal, Floor Cavdar, Marianne Craanen, Annemarieke Deuring, Annelies van Dijk, Maartje Dijkstra, Ertan ErsanLaura del Grande, Joost Hartman, Nelleke Koedoot, Romy Lebbink, Dominique Loomans, Agata Makowska, Tom du Maine, Ilja de Man, Amy Matser, Lizenka van der Meij, Marleen van Polanen, Maria Oud, Clark Reid, Leeann Storey, Marc van Wijk, Joost van den Aardweg, Joyce van Assem, Marijne van Beek, Orlane Figaroa, Leah Frenkel, Marit van Gils, Xiaochuan Han, Agnes Harskamp-Holwerda, Mette Hazenberg, Soemeja Hidad, Nina de Jong, Neeltje Kootstra, Lara Kuijt, Eric P. Moll van Charante, Colin Russell, Karlijn van der Straten, Annelou van der Veen, Bas Verkaik, Gerben-Rienk Visser, RECoVERED Study Group

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Background: We used data from a prospective cohort to explore 2-year trajectories of ‘long COVID’ (persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection) and their association with illness perception. Methods: RECoVERED participants (adults; prospectively enrolled following laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, May 2020–June 2021) completed symptom questionnaires at months 2–12, 18 and 24, and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) at months 1, 6 and 12. Using group-based trajectory models (GBTM), we modelled symptoms (mean total numbers and proportion with four specific complaints), including age, sex, BMI and timing of infection as covariates. In a multivariable linear mixed-effects model, we assessed the association between symptom trajectories and repeated B-IPQ scores. Results: Among 292 participants (42% female; median age 51 [IQR = 36–62]), four trajectories were identified, ranging from Trajectory 4 (8.9%; 6 + symptoms) to Trajectory 1 (24.8%; no symptoms). The occurrence of fatigue and myalgia increased among 23% and 12% of participants, respectively. Individuals in Trajectory 4 experienced more negative adjusted B-IPQ scores over time than those in Trajectories 1–3. Conclusions: We observed little fluctuation in the total number of symptoms, but individual symptoms may develop as others resolve. Reporting a greater number of symptoms was congruent with more negative illness perception over time.

Original language	English
Article number	e13190
Pages (from-to)	e13190
Journal	Influenza and other respiratory viruses
Volume	17
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13190
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2023

Keywords

Adult
COVID-19
COVID-19/epidemiology
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Netherlands/epidemiology
Perception
Prospective Studies
SARS-CoV-2
Surveys and Questionnaires
illness perception
sequelae
symptoms
trajectories

Access to Document

https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13190

Cite this

Wynberg, E., Verveen, A., van Willigen, H. D. G., Nieuwkerk, P., Davidovich, U., Lok, A., de Jong, M. D., de Bree, G. J., Leenstra, T., Knoop, H., Prins, M., Boyd, A., Agard, I., Ayal, J., Cavdar, F., Craanen, M., Deuring, A., van Dijk, A., Dijkstra, M., ... RECoVERED Study Group (2023). Two-year trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and their association with illness perception: A prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 17(10), e13190. Article e13190. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13190

@article{ac4944cce416407598f62e85f4082fda,

title = "Two-year trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and their association with illness perception: A prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands",

abstract = "Background: We used data from a prospective cohort to explore 2-year trajectories of {\textquoteleft}long COVID{\textquoteright} (persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection) and their association with illness perception. Methods: RECoVERED participants (adults; prospectively enrolled following laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, May 2020–June 2021) completed symptom questionnaires at months 2–12, 18 and 24, and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) at months 1, 6 and 12. Using group-based trajectory models (GBTM), we modelled symptoms (mean total numbers and proportion with four specific complaints), including age, sex, BMI and timing of infection as covariates. In a multivariable linear mixed-effects model, we assessed the association between symptom trajectories and repeated B-IPQ scores. Results: Among 292 participants (42% female; median age 51 [IQR = 36–62]), four trajectories were identified, ranging from Trajectory 4 (8.9%; 6 + symptoms) to Trajectory 1 (24.8%; no symptoms). The occurrence of fatigue and myalgia increased among 23% and 12% of participants, respectively. Individuals in Trajectory 4 experienced more negative adjusted B-IPQ scores over time than those in Trajectories 1–3. Conclusions: We observed little fluctuation in the total number of symptoms, but individual symptoms may develop as others resolve. Reporting a greater number of symptoms was congruent with more negative illness perception over time.",

keywords = "Adult, COVID-19, COVID-19/epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands/epidemiology, Perception, Prospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Surveys and Questionnaires, illness perception, sequelae, symptoms, trajectories",

author = "Elke Wynberg and Anouk Verveen and {van Willigen}, {Hugo D. G.} and Pythia Nieuwkerk and Udi Davidovich and Anja Lok and {de Jong}, {Menno D.} and {de Bree}, {Godelieve J.} and Tjalling Leenstra and Hans Knoop and Maria Prins and Anders Boyd and Ivette Agard and Jane Ayal and Floor Cavdar and Marianne Craanen and Annemarieke Deuring and {van Dijk}, Annelies and Maartje Dijkstra and Ertan Ersan and {del Grande}, Laura and Joost Hartman and Nelleke Koedoot and Romy Lebbink and Dominique Loomans and Agata Makowska and {du Maine}, Tom and {de Man}, Ilja and Amy Matser and {van der Meij}, Lizenka and {van Polanen}, Marleen and Maria Oud and Clark Reid and Leeann Storey and {van Wijk}, Marc and {van den Aardweg}, Joost and {van Assem}, Joyce and {van Beek}, Marijne and Orlane Figaroa and Leah Frenkel and {van Gils}, Marit and Xiaochuan Han and Agnes Harskamp-Holwerda and Mette Hazenberg and Soemeja Hidad and {de Jong}, Nina and Neeltje Kootstra and Lara Kuijt and {Moll van Charante}, {Eric P.} and Colin Russell and {van der Straten}, Karlijn and {van der Veen}, Annelou and Bas Verkaik and Gerben-Rienk Visser and {RECoVERED Study Group}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors wish to thank all RECoVERED study participants. We would also like specifically acknowledge Dr. Eric Moll van Charante for helping to plan the psychosocial analyses within the RECoVERED cohort. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",

year = "2023",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13190",

language = "English",

volume = "17",

pages = "e13190",

journal = "Influenza and other respiratory viruses",

issn = "1750-2640",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

number = "10",

}

Wynberg, E , Verveen, A , van Willigen, HDG , Nieuwkerk, P, Davidovich, U, Lok, A, de Jong, MD , de Bree, GJ, Leenstra, T, Knoop, H , Prins, M , Boyd, A, Agard, I, Ayal, J, Cavdar, F, Craanen, M, Deuring, A, van Dijk, A, Dijkstra, M, Ersan, E, del Grande, L, Hartman, J, Koedoot, N, Lebbink, R, Loomans, D, Makowska, A, du Maine, T, de Man, I, Matser, A, van der Meij, L, van Polanen, M, Oud, M, Reid, C, Storey, L, van Wijk, M, van den Aardweg, J, van Assem, J, van Beek, M, Figaroa, O, Frenkel, L, van Gils, M, Han, X, Harskamp-Holwerda, A, Hazenberg, M, Hidad, S, de Jong, N, Kootstra, N, Kuijt, L, Moll van Charante, EP, Russell, C, van der Straten, K, van der Veen, A, Verkaik, B, Visser, G-R & RECoVERED Study Group 2023, 'Two-year trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and their association with illness perception: A prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands', Influenza and other respiratory viruses, vol. 17, no. 10, e13190, pp. e13190. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13190

Two-year trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and their association with illness perception: A prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. / Wynberg, Elke ; Verveen, Anouk ; van Willigen, Hugo D. G. et al.
In: Influenza and other respiratory viruses, Vol. 17, No. 10, e13190, 01.10.2023, p. e13190.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Two-year trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and their association with illness perception

T2 - A prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

AU - Wynberg, Elke

AU - Verveen, Anouk

AU - van Willigen, Hugo D. G.

AU - Nieuwkerk, Pythia

AU - Davidovich, Udi

AU - Lok, Anja

AU - de Jong, Menno D.

AU - de Bree, Godelieve J.

AU - Leenstra, Tjalling

AU - Knoop, Hans

AU - Prins, Maria

AU - Boyd, Anders

AU - Agard, Ivette

AU - Ayal, Jane

AU - Cavdar, Floor

AU - Craanen, Marianne

AU - Deuring, Annemarieke

AU - van Dijk, Annelies

AU - Dijkstra, Maartje

AU - Ersan, Ertan

AU - del Grande, Laura

AU - Hartman, Joost

AU - Koedoot, Nelleke

AU - Lebbink, Romy

AU - Loomans, Dominique

AU - Makowska, Agata

AU - du Maine, Tom

AU - de Man, Ilja

AU - Matser, Amy

AU - van der Meij, Lizenka

AU - van Polanen, Marleen

AU - Oud, Maria

AU - Reid, Clark

AU - Storey, Leeann

AU - van Wijk, Marc

AU - van den Aardweg, Joost

AU - van Assem, Joyce

AU - van Beek, Marijne

AU - Figaroa, Orlane

AU - Frenkel, Leah

AU - van Gils, Marit

AU - Han, Xiaochuan

AU - Harskamp-Holwerda, Agnes

AU - Hazenberg, Mette

AU - Hidad, Soemeja

AU - de Jong, Nina

AU - Kootstra, Neeltje

AU - Kuijt, Lara

AU - Moll van Charante, Eric P.

AU - Russell, Colin

AU - van der Straten, Karlijn

AU - van der Veen, Annelou

AU - Verkaik, Bas

AU - Visser, Gerben-Rienk

AU - RECoVERED Study Group

N1 - Funding Information: The authors wish to thank all RECoVERED study participants. We would also like specifically acknowledge Dr. Eric Moll van Charante for helping to plan the psychosocial analyses within the RECoVERED cohort. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

PY - 2023/10/1

Y1 - 2023/10/1

N2 - Background: We used data from a prospective cohort to explore 2-year trajectories of ‘long COVID’ (persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection) and their association with illness perception. Methods: RECoVERED participants (adults; prospectively enrolled following laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, May 2020–June 2021) completed symptom questionnaires at months 2–12, 18 and 24, and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) at months 1, 6 and 12. Using group-based trajectory models (GBTM), we modelled symptoms (mean total numbers and proportion with four specific complaints), including age, sex, BMI and timing of infection as covariates. In a multivariable linear mixed-effects model, we assessed the association between symptom trajectories and repeated B-IPQ scores. Results: Among 292 participants (42% female; median age 51 [IQR = 36–62]), four trajectories were identified, ranging from Trajectory 4 (8.9%; 6 + symptoms) to Trajectory 1 (24.8%; no symptoms). The occurrence of fatigue and myalgia increased among 23% and 12% of participants, respectively. Individuals in Trajectory 4 experienced more negative adjusted B-IPQ scores over time than those in Trajectories 1–3. Conclusions: We observed little fluctuation in the total number of symptoms, but individual symptoms may develop as others resolve. Reporting a greater number of symptoms was congruent with more negative illness perception over time.

AB - Background: We used data from a prospective cohort to explore 2-year trajectories of ‘long COVID’ (persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection) and their association with illness perception. Methods: RECoVERED participants (adults; prospectively enrolled following laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, May 2020–June 2021) completed symptom questionnaires at months 2–12, 18 and 24, and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) at months 1, 6 and 12. Using group-based trajectory models (GBTM), we modelled symptoms (mean total numbers and proportion with four specific complaints), including age, sex, BMI and timing of infection as covariates. In a multivariable linear mixed-effects model, we assessed the association between symptom trajectories and repeated B-IPQ scores. Results: Among 292 participants (42% female; median age 51 [IQR = 36–62]), four trajectories were identified, ranging from Trajectory 4 (8.9%; 6 + symptoms) to Trajectory 1 (24.8%; no symptoms). The occurrence of fatigue and myalgia increased among 23% and 12% of participants, respectively. Individuals in Trajectory 4 experienced more negative adjusted B-IPQ scores over time than those in Trajectories 1–3. Conclusions: We observed little fluctuation in the total number of symptoms, but individual symptoms may develop as others resolve. Reporting a greater number of symptoms was congruent with more negative illness perception over time.

KW - Adult

KW - COVID-19

KW - COVID-19/epidemiology

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Netherlands/epidemiology

KW - Perception

KW - Prospective Studies

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - Surveys and Questionnaires

KW - illness perception

KW - sequelae

KW - symptoms

KW - trajectories

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85173020635&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13190

DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13190

M3 - Article

C2 - 37789876

SN - 1750-2640

VL - 17

SP - e13190

JO - Influenza and other respiratory viruses

JF - Influenza and other respiratory viruses

IS - 10

M1 - e13190

ER -

Two-year trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and their association with illness perception: A prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Cite this