TY - JOUR
T1 - Urinary potassium excretion, fibroblast growth factor 23, and incident hypertension in the general population‐based prevend cohort
AU - Yeung, Stanley M. H.
AU - Hoorn, Ewout J.
AU - Rotmans, Joris I.
AU - Gansevoort, Ron T.
AU - Bakker, Stephan J. L.
AU - Vogt, Liffert
AU - de Borst, Martin H.
N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This project is supported by the Dutch Kidney Foundation (K+onsortium, grant CP1601). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/12/1
Y1 - 2021/12/1
N2 - High plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and low potassium intake have each been associated with incident hypertension. We recently demonstrated that potassium supplementation reduces FGF23 levels in pre‐hypertensive individuals. The aim of the current study was to address whether 24‐h urinary potassium excretion, reflecting dietary potassium intake, is associated with FGF23, and whether FGF23 mediates the association between urinary potassium excretion and incident hypertension in the general population. At baseline, 4194 community‐dwelling individuals without hypertension were included. Mean urinary potassium excretion was 76 (23) mmol/24 h in men, and 64 (20) mmol/24 h in women. Plasma C‐terminal FGF23 was 64.5 (54.2–77.8) RU/mL in men, and 70.3 (56.5–89.5) RU/mL in women. Urinary potassium excretion was inversely associated with FGF23, independent of age, sex, urinary sodium excretion, bone and mineral parameters, inflammation, and iron status (St. β −0.02, p < 0.05). The lowest sex‐specific urinary potassium excretion tertile (HR 1.18 (95% CI 1.01–1.37)), and the highest sex‐specific tertile of FGF23 (HR 1.17 (95% CI 1.01–1.37)) were each associated with incident hypertension, compared with the reference tertile. FGF23 did not mediate the association between urinary potassium excretion and incident hypertension. Increasing potassium intake, and reducing plasma FGF23 could be independent targets to reduce the risk of hypertension in the general population.
AB - High plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and low potassium intake have each been associated with incident hypertension. We recently demonstrated that potassium supplementation reduces FGF23 levels in pre‐hypertensive individuals. The aim of the current study was to address whether 24‐h urinary potassium excretion, reflecting dietary potassium intake, is associated with FGF23, and whether FGF23 mediates the association between urinary potassium excretion and incident hypertension in the general population. At baseline, 4194 community‐dwelling individuals without hypertension were included. Mean urinary potassium excretion was 76 (23) mmol/24 h in men, and 64 (20) mmol/24 h in women. Plasma C‐terminal FGF23 was 64.5 (54.2–77.8) RU/mL in men, and 70.3 (56.5–89.5) RU/mL in women. Urinary potassium excretion was inversely associated with FGF23, independent of age, sex, urinary sodium excretion, bone and mineral parameters, inflammation, and iron status (St. β −0.02, p < 0.05). The lowest sex‐specific urinary potassium excretion tertile (HR 1.18 (95% CI 1.01–1.37)), and the highest sex‐specific tertile of FGF23 (HR 1.17 (95% CI 1.01–1.37)) were each associated with incident hypertension, compared with the reference tertile. FGF23 did not mediate the association between urinary potassium excretion and incident hypertension. Increasing potassium intake, and reducing plasma FGF23 could be independent targets to reduce the risk of hypertension in the general population.
KW - Diet
KW - Epidemiology
KW - FGF23
KW - Hypertension
KW - Potassium
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121311416&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124532
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124532
M3 - Article
C2 - 34960084
SN - 2072-6643
VL - 13
JO - NUTRIENTS
JF - NUTRIENTS
IS - 12
M1 - 4532
ER -