@inbook{be5542e165134612bcfbc7e12c6ad7c3,
title = "Use of Reduced Gravity Simulators for Plant Biological Studies",
abstract = "Simulated microgravity and partial gravity research on Earth is a necessary complement to space research in real microgravity due to limitations of access to spaceflight. However, the use of ground-based facilities for reduced gravity simulation is far from simple. Microgravity simulation usually results in the need to consider secondary effects that appear in the generation of altered gravity. These secondary effects may interfere with gravity alteration in the changes observed in the biological processes under study. In addition to microgravity simulation, ground-based facilities are also capable of generating hypergravity or fractional gravity conditions whose effects on biological systems are worth being tested and compared with the results of microgravity exposure. Multiple technologies (2D clinorotation, random positioning machines, magnetic levitators, or centrifuges) and experimental hardware (different containers and substrates for seedlings or cell cultures) are available for these studies. Experimental requirements should be collectively and carefully considered in defining the optimal experimental design, taking into account that some environmental parameters, or life-support conditions, could be difficult to be provided in certain facilities. Using simulation facilities will allow us to anticipate, modify, or redefine the findings provided by the scarce available spaceflight opportunities.",
keywords = "Cell suspension cultures, Clinostat, Large Diameter Centrifuge (LDC), Magnetic levitation, Random positioning machine (RPM), Seedlings",
author = "Ra{\'u}l Herranz and Valbuena, {Miguel A.} and Ar{\'a}nzazu Manzano and Kamal, {Khaled Y.} and Alicia Villacampa and Malgorzata Ciska and {van Loon}, {Jack J.W.A.} and Medina, {F. Javier}",
note = "Funding Information: Most of the results and comments included in this book chapter have been the consequence of the authors? participation in several different ?CORA-ESA Access to GBF? Projects of the European Space Agency, allowing the utilization of European facilities for altered gravity simulation, in close collaboration with the respective GBF managers. One of the co-authors of this paper (JvL) is the manager of the facilities hosted at DESC at ESA-ESTEC (Noord-wijk, NL). Other facilities used are managed, respectively, by Dr. Hemmersbach (DLR), Dr. Pereda-Loth (Toulouse University), Dr. Hill (Nottingham University), and Dr. Christianen (Nijmegen University). We want to acknowledge Julio Martin Santos (3DOHMS) support in dedicated hardware design (3D printing and electronic components) to be used in our lab clinostats (obtained by UNZIP project grants from UNOOSA). Work performed in the authors? laboratory was financially supported by the Spanish Plan Estatal de Investigaci?n Cient?fica y Desarrollo Tec-nol?gico, Grants #ESP2015-64323-R and #RTI2018-099309-B-I00 (co-funded by EU-ERDF) to F.J.M. and a grant from European Space Agency contract# 4000107455/12/NL/PA awarded to J.J.W.A.v.L. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.",
year = "2022",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1677-2_16",
language = "English",
isbn = "9781071616765",
volume = "2368",
series = "Methods in Molecular Biology",
publisher = "Humana Press Inc.",
pages = "241--265",
editor = "Blancaflor, {Elison B.}",
booktitle = "Plant Gravitropism",
edition = "2nd",
}