TY - JOUR
T1 - Validating the Children's Depression Inventory-2
T2 - Results from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study
AU - Anant, Nandini
AU - Kaur, Divjyot
AU - Nadarajan, Ranjani
AU - Phua, Desiree Y.
AU - Chong, Yap Seng
AU - Gluckman, Peter D.
AU - Yap, Fabian
AU - Chen, Helen
AU - Broekman, Birit
AU - Meaney, Michael J.
AU - Ang, Yuen-Siang
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Anant et al.
PY - 2023/5/1
Y1 - 2023/5/1
N2 - Childhood-onset depression has adverse consequences that are sustained into adulthood, which increases the significance of detection in early childhood. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) is used globally in evaluating depressive symptom severity in adolescents, and its second version, the CDI-2, was developed by taking into account advances in childhood depression research. Prior research has reported inconsistencies in its factor structure across populations. In addition, the CDI-2 has not yet been empirically validated with Southeast Asian populations. This study sought to empirically validate the CDI-2's psychometric properties and evaluate its factorial structure with a Singaporean community sample of nonclinical respondents. A total sample of 730 Singaporean children aged between 8.5 and 10.5 years was used. Psychometric properties of the CDI-2, including internal consistency as well as convergent and discriminant validity, were assessed. Factor analyses were conducted to assess the developers' original two-factor structure for a Southeast Asian population. This two-factor structure was not supported in our sample. Instead, the data provided the best fit for a hierarchical two-factor structure with factors namely, socio-emotional problems and cognitive-behavioural problems. This finding suggests that socio-cultural and demographic elements influence interpretation of depressive symptoms and therefore the emerging factor structure of the construct under scrutiny. This study highlights the need to further examine the CDI-2 and ensure that its interpretation is culture-specific. More qualitative work could also bring to light the idiosyncratic understanding of depressive symptomatology, which would then guide culture-specific validation of the CDI-2.
AB - Childhood-onset depression has adverse consequences that are sustained into adulthood, which increases the significance of detection in early childhood. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) is used globally in evaluating depressive symptom severity in adolescents, and its second version, the CDI-2, was developed by taking into account advances in childhood depression research. Prior research has reported inconsistencies in its factor structure across populations. In addition, the CDI-2 has not yet been empirically validated with Southeast Asian populations. This study sought to empirically validate the CDI-2's psychometric properties and evaluate its factorial structure with a Singaporean community sample of nonclinical respondents. A total sample of 730 Singaporean children aged between 8.5 and 10.5 years was used. Psychometric properties of the CDI-2, including internal consistency as well as convergent and discriminant validity, were assessed. Factor analyses were conducted to assess the developers' original two-factor structure for a Southeast Asian population. This two-factor structure was not supported in our sample. Instead, the data provided the best fit for a hierarchical two-factor structure with factors namely, socio-emotional problems and cognitive-behavioural problems. This finding suggests that socio-cultural and demographic elements influence interpretation of depressive symptoms and therefore the emerging factor structure of the construct under scrutiny. This study highlights the need to further examine the CDI-2 and ensure that its interpretation is culture-specific. More qualitative work could also bring to light the idiosyncratic understanding of depressive symptomatology, which would then guide culture-specific validation of the CDI-2.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85160445002&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286197
DO - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286197
M3 - Article
C2 - 37228057
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 18
JO - PLOS ONE
JF - PLOS ONE
IS - 5 MAY
M1 - e0286197
ER -