@article{9709dff46d9a4da4818499d8d207ddb8,
title = "Virtual and augmented reality: New tools for visualizing, analyzing, and communicating complex morphology",
abstract = "Virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) are new technologies with the power to revolutionize the study of morphology. Modern imaging approaches such as computed tomography, laser scanning, and photogrammetry have opened up a new digital world, enabling researchers to share and analyze morphological data electronically and in great detail. Because this digital data exists on a computer screen, however, it can remain difficult to understand and unintuitive to interact with. VR/AR technologies bridge the analog-to-digital divide by presenting 3D data to users in a very similar way to how they would interact with actual anatomy, while also providing a more immersive experience and greater possibilities for exploration. This manuscript describes VR/AR hardware, software, and techniques, and is designed to give practicing morphologists and educators a primer on using these technologies in their research, pedagogy, and communication to a wide variety of audiences. We also include a series of case studies from the presentations and workshop given at the 2019 International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology, and suggest best practices for the use of VR/AR in comparative morphology.",
keywords = "anatomy, collections, comparative, education, visualization",
author = "Cieri, {Robert L.} and Turner, {Morgan L.} and Carney, {Ryan M.} and Falkingham, {Peter L.} and Kirk, {Alexander M.} and Tobias Wang and Bjarke Jensen and Johannes Novotny and Joshua Tveite and Gatesy, {Stephen M.} and Laidlaw, {David H.} and Howard Kaplan and Moorman, {Antoon F. M.} and Mark Howell and Benjamin Engel and Cole Cruz and Adam Smith and William Gerichs and Yingjie Lian and Schultz, {Johanna T.} and Farmer, {C. G.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (IOS 1929637 to CGF) and the Company of Biologists for financial support of a symposium and workshop hosted by the International Society of Vertebrate Morphology at the 2019 ICVM Congress. We also acknowledge funding support from: National Science Foundation grants EAR‐1452119 (SMG and PLF) and IOS‐0925077 (SMG); ARCHER Leadership award (PLF); Salomon Faculty Research Award, Brown University (SMG); National Science Foundation grant SGER‐0917538 (RMC), National Geographic Society/Waitt Foundation grant W340‐14 (RMC), and software donations from Capturing Reality and FEI (RMC). We thank Alec Baines for assisting in the photogrammetric reconstruction, as well as Tina Gagliardo and Hope Bartlin for demonstrating the HoloLens. Funding Information: Company of Biologists; National Geographic Society, Grant/Award Number: W340‐14; National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Numbers: 1929637, EAR‐1452119, IOS‐0925077 Funding information Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.",
year = "2021",
month = dec,
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21421",
language = "English",
volume = "282",
pages = "1785--1800",
journal = "Journal of morphology",
issn = "0362-2525",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
number = "12",
}