Whiplash: Assessing the validity of diagnostic tests in a cervical sensory disturbance

Objective: To determine the ability of two diagnostic texts that examine sensory disturbance in whiplash patients to discriminate between 'extreme' groups. Background: The neuromuscular theories have been accepted as explanations of the symptoms after a whiplash injury. Dutch manual therapists often use the diagnostic tests under study to diagnose and treat sensory disturbances after such an injury. The validity of a test needs to be assessed before its efficacy as a treamtent in whiplash patients can be tested. The aim of this study was to validate two diagnostic tests and to initiate further research on the efficacy of a treatment of a sensory disturbance in whiplash patients. Method: Twelve subjects with chronic symptoms (> 3 months) alter a whiplash injury (patient group) and 18 subjects without any head or neck problems (control group) were studied. The tests under study were the extension test and the coordination test. All researchers were blind to the characteristics of the subjects. Results: The extension test and the coordination test were able to discriminate adequately between subjects with symptoms after a whiplash injury (patients) and subjects without any head or neck complaints (control subjects). Patients clearly show a smaller degree of extension compared with the control subjects and an increase of extension movement with external fixation. The sensitivity as well as the specificity of the coordination test were good (both > .80). Conclusion: These diagnostic tests seemed to be valid instruments for discriminating between whiplash patients with symptoms and healthy people.