TY - JOUR
T1 - Youth in transition
T2 - Study protocol of a prospective cohort study into the long-term course of addiction, mental health problems and social functioning in youth entering addiction treatment
AU - Moska, Christina
AU - Goudriaan, Anna E.
AU - Blanken, Peter
AU - van de Mheen, Dike
AU - Spijkerman, Renske
AU - Schellekens, Arnt
AU - de Jonge, Jannet
AU - Bary, Floris
AU - Vollebergh, Wilma
AU - Hendriks, Vincent
N1 - Funding Information: This study is a collaboration between Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC), Academic Medical Centre (AMC) University of Amsterdam, Nijmegen Institute for Science Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA) and department of Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing. We gratefully acknowledge the participating youths and professional representatives from the following 10 addiction treatment organizations for their valuable contributions to the study: Brijder Youth Addiction Treatment, Antes (Youz), Novadic-Kentron, Verslavingszorg Noord Nederland, IrisZorg, Arkin/Jellinek and Jellinek Utrecht, Tactus, Dimence, Mondriaan and De Hoop). Lastly, we kindly thank our research assistants Khedy Gorissen, Angela Rikumahu, Ilse Haarman, and Elsemieke Kunst. Funding Information: This study (60–63600–98-317) is funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW) and is supported by the Dutch Addiction Association. ZonMw and the Dutch Addiction Association had no further role in study design, nor in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data or in the writing of the report. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/12/1
Y1 - 2021/12/1
N2 - Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are prevalent in the general population, tend to follow a chronic course, are associated with many individual and social problems, and often have their onset in adolescence. However, the knowledge base from prospective population surveys and treatment-outcome studies on the course of SUD in adolescents is limited at best. The present study aims to fill this gap and focuses on a subgroup that is particularly at risk for chronicity: adolescents in addiction treatment. We will investigate the rate of persistent SUD and its predictors longitudinally from adolescence to young adulthood among youth with DSM-5 SUD from the start of their addiction treatment to 2 and 4 years following treatment-entry. In addition to SUD, we will investigate the course of comorbid mental disorders, social functioning, and quality of life and their association with SUD over time. Methods/design: In a naturalistic, multi-center prospective cohort design, we will include youths (n = 420), who consecutively enter addiction treatment at ten participating organizations in the Netherlands. Inclusion is prestratified by treatment organization, to ensure a nationally representative sample. Eligible youths are 16 to 22 years old and seek help for a primary DSM-5 cannabis, alcohol, cocaine or amphetamine use disorder. Assessments focus on lifetime and current substance use and SUD, non-SUD mental disorders, family history, life events, social functioning, treatment history, quality of life, chronic stress indicators (hair cortisol) and neuropsychological tests (computerized executive function tasks) and are conducted at baseline, end of treatment, and 2 and 4 years post-baseline. Baseline data and treatment data (type, intensity, duration) will be used to predict outcome – persistence of or desistance from SUD. Discussion: There are remarkably few prospective studies worldwide that investigated the course of SUD in adolescents in addiction treatment for longer than 1 year. We are confident that the Youth in Transition study will further our understanding of determinants and consequences of persistent SUD among high-risk adolescents during the critical transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Trial registration: The Netherlands National Trial Register Trial NL7928. Date of registration January 17, 2019.
AB - Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are prevalent in the general population, tend to follow a chronic course, are associated with many individual and social problems, and often have their onset in adolescence. However, the knowledge base from prospective population surveys and treatment-outcome studies on the course of SUD in adolescents is limited at best. The present study aims to fill this gap and focuses on a subgroup that is particularly at risk for chronicity: adolescents in addiction treatment. We will investigate the rate of persistent SUD and its predictors longitudinally from adolescence to young adulthood among youth with DSM-5 SUD from the start of their addiction treatment to 2 and 4 years following treatment-entry. In addition to SUD, we will investigate the course of comorbid mental disorders, social functioning, and quality of life and their association with SUD over time. Methods/design: In a naturalistic, multi-center prospective cohort design, we will include youths (n = 420), who consecutively enter addiction treatment at ten participating organizations in the Netherlands. Inclusion is prestratified by treatment organization, to ensure a nationally representative sample. Eligible youths are 16 to 22 years old and seek help for a primary DSM-5 cannabis, alcohol, cocaine or amphetamine use disorder. Assessments focus on lifetime and current substance use and SUD, non-SUD mental disorders, family history, life events, social functioning, treatment history, quality of life, chronic stress indicators (hair cortisol) and neuropsychological tests (computerized executive function tasks) and are conducted at baseline, end of treatment, and 2 and 4 years post-baseline. Baseline data and treatment data (type, intensity, duration) will be used to predict outcome – persistence of or desistance from SUD. Discussion: There are remarkably few prospective studies worldwide that investigated the course of SUD in adolescents in addiction treatment for longer than 1 year. We are confident that the Youth in Transition study will further our understanding of determinants and consequences of persistent SUD among high-risk adolescents during the critical transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Trial registration: The Netherlands National Trial Register Trial NL7928. Date of registration January 17, 2019.
KW - Adolescents
KW - Long-term course of SUD
KW - Prospective cohort study
KW - Substance use disorder
KW - Youth addiction treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85120733163&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03520-8
DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03520-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 34863131
SN - 1471-244X
VL - 21
JO - BMC psychiatry
JF - BMC psychiatry
IS - 1
M1 - 605
ER -