TY - JOUR
T1 - Auto-immunity and the gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes: Lessons from rodent and human studies
AU - Fuhri Snethlage, Coco M.
AU - Nieuwdorp, Max
AU - van Raalte, Daniël H.
AU - Rampanelli, Elena
AU - Verchere, Bruce C.
AU - Hanssen, Nordin M. J.
N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by a DNF DON grant 2020 number 2020.10.002 . Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an auto-immune disease that destructs insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells within the islets of Langerhans. The incidence of T1D has tripled over the last decades, while the pathophysiology of the disease is still largely unknown. Currently, there is no cure for T1D. The only treatment option consists of blood-glucose regulation with insulin injections and intensive monitoring of blood glucose levels. In recent years, perturbations in the ecosystem of the gut microbiome also referred to as dysbiosis, have gained interest as a possible contributing factor in the development of T1D. Changes in the microbiome seem to occur before the onset of T1D associated auto-antibodies. Furthermore, rodent studies demonstrate that administering antibiotics at a young age may accelerate the onset of T1D. This review provides an overview of the research performed on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, interventions, and possible treatment options in the field of the gut microbiome and T1D.
AB - Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an auto-immune disease that destructs insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells within the islets of Langerhans. The incidence of T1D has tripled over the last decades, while the pathophysiology of the disease is still largely unknown. Currently, there is no cure for T1D. The only treatment option consists of blood-glucose regulation with insulin injections and intensive monitoring of blood glucose levels. In recent years, perturbations in the ecosystem of the gut microbiome also referred to as dysbiosis, have gained interest as a possible contributing factor in the development of T1D. Changes in the microbiome seem to occur before the onset of T1D associated auto-antibodies. Furthermore, rodent studies demonstrate that administering antibiotics at a young age may accelerate the onset of T1D. This review provides an overview of the research performed on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, interventions, and possible treatment options in the field of the gut microbiome and T1D.
KW - NOD mice
KW - microbiome
KW - type 1 diabetes
KW - virome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105554482&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2021.101544
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2021.101544
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33985913
SN - 1521-690X
VL - 35
JO - Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
IS - 3
M1 - 101544
ER -