Characterization of D-3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (ketocarnitine): an identified ketosis-induced metabolite

Maarten R. Soeters; Mireille J. Serlie; Hans P. Sauerwein; Marinus Duran; Jos P. Ruiter; Willem Kulik; Mariëtte T. Ackermans; Paul E. Minkler; Charles L. Hoppel; Ronald J. A. Wanders; Sander M. Houten

doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2011.11.009

Characterization of D-3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (ketocarnitine): an identified ketosis-induced metabolite

Maarten R. Soeters, Mireille J. Serlie, Hans P. Sauerwein, Marinus Duran, Jos P. Ruiter, Willem Kulik, Mariëtte T. Ackermans, Paul E. Minkler, Charles L. Hoppel, Ronald J. A. Wanders, Sander M. Houten

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

54 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (HB-carnitine) is a metabolite that has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is currently unknown whether HB-carnitine can be produced from D-3-hydroxybutyrate (D-3HB), a ketone body; but its formation from L-3-HB-CoA, a fatty acid beta-oxidation intermediate, is well established. We aimed to assess which stereoisomers of 3-HB-carnitine are present in vivo. Ketosis and increased fatty acid oxidation were induced in 12 lean healthy men by a 38-hour fasting period. The D-3HB kinetics (stable isotope technique) and stereoisomers of muscle 3-HB-carnitine (high-performance liquid chromatography/ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) were measured. Muscle D-3HB-carnitine content was much higher compared with L-3HB-carnitine. In addition, muscle D-3HB-carnitine correlated significantly with D-3-HB production. Following the finding that a ketone body can be converted into a carnitine ester in vivo, we show in vitro that D-3-HB can be converted into HB-carnitine (ketocarnitine) via an acyl-CoA synthetase reaction in several tissues including human muscle. During fasting, HB-carnitine in muscle is derived mainly from the ketone body D-3HB. The role of D-3HB-carnitine synthesis in metabolism remains to be elucidated. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	966-973
Journal	Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
Volume	61
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2011.11.009
Publication status	Published - 2012

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2011.11.009

Cite this

Soeters, M. R., Serlie, M. J., Sauerwein, H. P., Duran, M., Ruiter, J. P., Kulik, W., Ackermans, M. T., Minkler, P. E., Hoppel, C. L., Wanders, R. J. A., & Houten, S. M. (2012). Characterization of D-3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (ketocarnitine): an identified ketosis-induced metabolite. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 61(7), 966-973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2011.11.009

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title = "Characterization of D-3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (ketocarnitine): an identified ketosis-induced metabolite",

abstract = "Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (HB-carnitine) is a metabolite that has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is currently unknown whether HB-carnitine can be produced from D-3-hydroxybutyrate (D-3HB), a ketone body; but its formation from L-3-HB-CoA, a fatty acid beta-oxidation intermediate, is well established. We aimed to assess which stereoisomers of 3-HB-carnitine are present in vivo. Ketosis and increased fatty acid oxidation were induced in 12 lean healthy men by a 38-hour fasting period. The D-3HB kinetics (stable isotope technique) and stereoisomers of muscle 3-HB-carnitine (high-performance liquid chromatography/ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) were measured. Muscle D-3HB-carnitine content was much higher compared with L-3HB-carnitine. In addition, muscle D-3HB-carnitine correlated significantly with D-3-HB production. Following the finding that a ketone body can be converted into a carnitine ester in vivo, we show in vitro that D-3-HB can be converted into HB-carnitine (ketocarnitine) via an acyl-CoA synthetase reaction in several tissues including human muscle. During fasting, HB-carnitine in muscle is derived mainly from the ketone body D-3HB. The role of D-3HB-carnitine synthesis in metabolism remains to be elucidated. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved",

author = "Soeters, {Maarten R.} and Serlie, {Mireille J.} and Sauerwein, {Hans P.} and Marinus Duran and Ruiter, {Jos P.} and Willem Kulik and Ackermans, {Mari{\"e}tte T.} and Minkler, {Paul E.} and Hoppel, {Charles L.} and Wanders, {Ronald J. A.} and Houten, {Sander M.}",

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T1 - Characterization of D-3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (ketocarnitine): an identified ketosis-induced metabolite

AU - Soeters, Maarten R.

AU - Serlie, Mireille J.

AU - Sauerwein, Hans P.

AU - Duran, Marinus

AU - Ruiter, Jos P.

AU - Kulik, Willem

AU - Ackermans, Mariëtte T.

AU - Minkler, Paul E.

AU - Hoppel, Charles L.

AU - Wanders, Ronald J. A.

AU - Houten, Sander M.

PY - 2012

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N2 - Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (HB-carnitine) is a metabolite that has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is currently unknown whether HB-carnitine can be produced from D-3-hydroxybutyrate (D-3HB), a ketone body; but its formation from L-3-HB-CoA, a fatty acid beta-oxidation intermediate, is well established. We aimed to assess which stereoisomers of 3-HB-carnitine are present in vivo. Ketosis and increased fatty acid oxidation were induced in 12 lean healthy men by a 38-hour fasting period. The D-3HB kinetics (stable isotope technique) and stereoisomers of muscle 3-HB-carnitine (high-performance liquid chromatography/ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) were measured. Muscle D-3HB-carnitine content was much higher compared with L-3HB-carnitine. In addition, muscle D-3HB-carnitine correlated significantly with D-3-HB production. Following the finding that a ketone body can be converted into a carnitine ester in vivo, we show in vitro that D-3-HB can be converted into HB-carnitine (ketocarnitine) via an acyl-CoA synthetase reaction in several tissues including human muscle. During fasting, HB-carnitine in muscle is derived mainly from the ketone body D-3HB. The role of D-3HB-carnitine synthesis in metabolism remains to be elucidated. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

AB - Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (HB-carnitine) is a metabolite that has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is currently unknown whether HB-carnitine can be produced from D-3-hydroxybutyrate (D-3HB), a ketone body; but its formation from L-3-HB-CoA, a fatty acid beta-oxidation intermediate, is well established. We aimed to assess which stereoisomers of 3-HB-carnitine are present in vivo. Ketosis and increased fatty acid oxidation were induced in 12 lean healthy men by a 38-hour fasting period. The D-3HB kinetics (stable isotope technique) and stereoisomers of muscle 3-HB-carnitine (high-performance liquid chromatography/ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) were measured. Muscle D-3HB-carnitine content was much higher compared with L-3HB-carnitine. In addition, muscle D-3HB-carnitine correlated significantly with D-3-HB production. Following the finding that a ketone body can be converted into a carnitine ester in vivo, we show in vitro that D-3-HB can be converted into HB-carnitine (ketocarnitine) via an acyl-CoA synthetase reaction in several tissues including human muscle. During fasting, HB-carnitine in muscle is derived mainly from the ketone body D-3HB. The role of D-3HB-carnitine synthesis in metabolism remains to be elucidated. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

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DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2011.11.009

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