Comprehensive association analysis of the vitamin D pathway genes, VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1, in prostate cancer

Crystal N Holick, Janet L Stanford, Erika M Kwon, Elaine A Ostrander, Sergey Nejentsev, Ulrike Peters

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

100 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Genetic variation in vitamin D-related genes has not been investigated comprehensively and findings are equivocal. We studied the association between polymorphisms across the entire vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and genes encoding for vitamin D activating enzyme 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and deactivating enzyme 24-hyroxylase (CYP24A1) and prostate cancer risk among middle-aged men using a population-based case-control study design. DNA samples and survey data were obtained from incident cases (n = 630), 40 to 64 years old, identified through the Seattle-Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry from 1993 to 1996 and from random controls (n = 565) of similar age without a history of prostate cancer. We selected and genotyped tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms to predict common variants across VDR (n = 22), CYP27B1 (n = 2), and CYP24A1 (n = 14). Haplotypes of VDR and CYP24A1 were not associated with prostate cancer risk. In the genotype analysis, homozygotes at two VDR loci (rs2107301 and rs2238135) were associated with a 2- to 2.5-fold higher risk of prostate cancer compared with the homozygote common allele [odds ratio, 2.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.52-4.00; P = 0.002) and 1.95 (95% confidence interval, 1.17-3.26; P = 0.007), respectively; P value corrected for multiple comparisons for VDR = 0.002]. We found no evidence that the two associated VDR single-nucleotide polymorphisms were modified by age at diagnosis, prostate cancer aggressiveness, first-degree family history of prostate cancer, or vitamin D intake. Genotypes of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 were not associated with prostate cancer risk. Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the VDR gene may be associated with prostate cancer risk and, therefore, that the vitamin D pathway might have an etiologic role in the development of prostate cancer.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1990-9
Number of pages10
JournalCancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
Volume16
Issue number10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2007
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
  • Adult
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
  • Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
  • Exons/genetics
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
  • Genetic Variation/genetics
  • Genotype
  • Haplotypes
  • Humans
  • Introns/genetics
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
  • Prostate/pathology
  • Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
  • Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
  • Risk Assessment
  • Steroid Hydroxylases
  • Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase

Cite this