TY - JOUR
T1 - Ethnic discrimination and depressed mood
T2 - The role of autonomic regulation
AU - Hagen, Julia M.
AU - Sutterland, Arjen L.
AU - Collard, Didier
AU - de Jonge, Carien D. E.
AU - van Zuiden, Mirjam
AU - Zantvoord, Jasper B.
AU - Tan, Hanno L.
AU - van Valkengoed, Irene G. M.
AU - van den Born, Bert Jan H.
AU - Zwinderman, Aeilko H.
AU - de Haan, Lieuwe
AU - Lok, Anja
N1 - Funding Information: The HELIUS study is conducted by the Amsterdam UMC, location AMC and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam. Both organizations provided core support for HELIUS. The HELIUS study is also funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the European Union (FP-7), and the European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants (EIF). We are most grateful to the participants of the HELIUS study and the management team, research nurses, interviewers, research assistants and other staff who have taken part in gathering the data of this study. We want to thank Noelle Acton, for writing the first draft of the proposal. Finally, we would specifically like to acknowledge prof. dr. R. Peters for initiating cardiological research in the HELIUS Study. Funding Information: The HELIUS study is conducted by the Amsterdam UMC, location AMC and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam. Both organizations provided core support for HELIUS. The HELIUS study is also funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation , the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) , the European Union (FP-7) , and the European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants ( EIF ). We are most grateful to the participants of the HELIUS study and the management team, research nurses, interviewers, research assistants and other staff who have taken part in gathering the data of this study. We want to thank Noelle Acton, for writing the first draft of the proposal. Finally, we would specifically like to acknowledge prof. dr. R. Peters for initiating cardiological research in the HELIUS Study. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/12/1
Y1 - 2021/12/1
N2 - Perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) is thought to underlie increased prevalence of depressed mood in ethnic minorities. Depression is associated with increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity. We investigated a biopsychosocial model linking PED, disrupted sympathovagal balance and depressed mood. Baseline data of HELIUS, a cohort study on health among a multi-ethnic population, was used. Heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), PED (evaluated with the Everyday Discrimination Scale) and presence of depressed mood (evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9) were assessed. Associations of PED, HRV/BRS and depressed mood were analyzed with linear and logistic regression analyses. Mediation of the association of PED and depressed mood by HRV/BRS was assessed in a potential outcomes model and four steps mediation analysis. Of 9492 included participants, 14.7% fulfilled criteria for depressed mood. Higher PED was associated with depressed mood (P <.001). Lower autonomic regulation indexes were associated with depressed mood (deltaR 2 = 0.4–1.1%, P <.001) and at most weakly with PED (deltaR 2 = 0.2–0.3%, P <.001). A very modest mediating effect by HRV/BRS in the association between PED and depressed mood was attenuated after adjustment for socioeconomic status. To conclude, we found no support for the hypothesis that autonomic regulation relevantly mediates the association between PED and depression.
AB - Perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) is thought to underlie increased prevalence of depressed mood in ethnic minorities. Depression is associated with increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity. We investigated a biopsychosocial model linking PED, disrupted sympathovagal balance and depressed mood. Baseline data of HELIUS, a cohort study on health among a multi-ethnic population, was used. Heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), PED (evaluated with the Everyday Discrimination Scale) and presence of depressed mood (evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9) were assessed. Associations of PED, HRV/BRS and depressed mood were analyzed with linear and logistic regression analyses. Mediation of the association of PED and depressed mood by HRV/BRS was assessed in a potential outcomes model and four steps mediation analysis. Of 9492 included participants, 14.7% fulfilled criteria for depressed mood. Higher PED was associated with depressed mood (P <.001). Lower autonomic regulation indexes were associated with depressed mood (deltaR 2 = 0.4–1.1%, P <.001) and at most weakly with PED (deltaR 2 = 0.2–0.3%, P <.001). A very modest mediating effect by HRV/BRS in the association between PED and depressed mood was attenuated after adjustment for socioeconomic status. To conclude, we found no support for the hypothesis that autonomic regulation relevantly mediates the association between PED and depression.
KW - Autonomic nervous system
KW - Depression
KW - Depressive disorders
KW - Ethnic discrimination
KW - Heart rate variability
KW - Racial discrimination
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116311422&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.048
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.048
M3 - Article
C2 - 34619489
SN - 0022-3956
VL - 144
SP - 110
EP - 117
JO - Journal of Psychiatric Research
JF - Journal of Psychiatric Research
ER -