TY - JOUR
T1 - Gene therapy to create biological pacemakers
AU - Boink, Gerard J.J.
AU - Seppen, Jurgen
AU - de Bakker, Jacques M.T.
AU - Tan, Hanno L.
N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Netherlands Heart Foundation (NHS 2005B180 to HLT and JMTdB), the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences KNAW (HLT), and the Bekales Foundation (HLT). Copyright: Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2007/2
Y1 - 2007/2
N2 - Old age and a variety of cardiovascular disorders may disrupt normal sinus node function. Currently, this is successfully treated with electronic pacemakers, which, however, leave room for improvement. During the past decade, different strategies to initiate pacemaker function by gene therapy were developed. In the search for a biological pacemaker, various approaches were explored, including β2 -adrenergic receptor overexpression, down regulation of the inward rectifier current, and overexpression of the pacemaker current. The most recent advances include overexpression of bioengineered ion channels and genetically modified stem cells. This review considers the strengths and the weaknesses of the different approaches and discusses some of the different viral vectors currently used.
AB - Old age and a variety of cardiovascular disorders may disrupt normal sinus node function. Currently, this is successfully treated with electronic pacemakers, which, however, leave room for improvement. During the past decade, different strategies to initiate pacemaker function by gene therapy were developed. In the search for a biological pacemaker, various approaches were explored, including β2 -adrenergic receptor overexpression, down regulation of the inward rectifier current, and overexpression of the pacemaker current. The most recent advances include overexpression of bioengineered ion channels and genetically modified stem cells. This review considers the strengths and the weaknesses of the different approaches and discusses some of the different viral vectors currently used.
KW - Cardiac arrhythmia therapy
KW - Gene therapy
KW - Ion channels
KW - Pacemakers
KW - Sinoatrial node
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33847146702&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0112-7
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0112-7
M3 - Review article
C2 - 17048028
SN - 0140-0118
VL - 45
SP - 167
EP - 176
JO - Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing
JF - Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing
IS - 2
ER -