TY - JOUR
T1 - Glucose variability and mood in people with type 1 diabetes using ecological momentary assessment
AU - de Wit, Maartje
AU - van Raalte, Daniël H.
AU - van den Berg, Kirsten
AU - Racca, Catherina
AU - Muijs, Linda T.
AU - Lutgers, Helen L.
AU - Siegelaar, Sarah E.
AU - Serné, Erik
AU - Snoek, Frank J.
N1 - Funding Information: This project was funded by an investigator-initiated grant from Sanofi: GLARGL08886. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/10/1
Y1 - 2023/10/1
N2 - Objective: Mood fluctuations related to blood glucose excursions are a commonly reported source of diabetes-distress, but research is scarce. We aimed to assess the relationship between real-time glucose variability and mood in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using ecological momentary assessments. Methods: In this prospective observational study, participants wore a masked continuous glucose monitor and received prompts on their smartphone 6 times a day to answer questions about their current mood (Profile Of Mood States (POMS)-SF (dimensions: Anxiety, Depressive symptoms, Anger, Fatigue, Vigor)) for 14 days. Mixed model analyses examined associations over time between daily Coefficient of Variation (CV) of blood glucose and mean and variability (CV) of POMS scores. Further, within-person differences in sleep and nocturnal hypoglycemia were explored. Results: 18 people with T1D (10 female, mean age 44.3 years) participated. A total of 264 out of 367 days (70.2%) could be included in the analyses. No overall significant associations were found between CV of blood glucose and mean and CV of POMS scores, however, nocturnal hypoglycemia moderated the associations between CV of blood glucose and POMS scales (mean Fatigue Estimate 1.998, p < .006, mean Vigor Estimate −3.308, p < .001; CV Anger Estimate 0.731p = 0.02, CV Vigor Estimate −0.525, p = .006). Conclusion: We found no overall relationship between real-time glycemic variability and mood per day. Further research into within-person differences such as sleep and nocturnal hypoglycemia is warranted.
AB - Objective: Mood fluctuations related to blood glucose excursions are a commonly reported source of diabetes-distress, but research is scarce. We aimed to assess the relationship between real-time glucose variability and mood in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using ecological momentary assessments. Methods: In this prospective observational study, participants wore a masked continuous glucose monitor and received prompts on their smartphone 6 times a day to answer questions about their current mood (Profile Of Mood States (POMS)-SF (dimensions: Anxiety, Depressive symptoms, Anger, Fatigue, Vigor)) for 14 days. Mixed model analyses examined associations over time between daily Coefficient of Variation (CV) of blood glucose and mean and variability (CV) of POMS scores. Further, within-person differences in sleep and nocturnal hypoglycemia were explored. Results: 18 people with T1D (10 female, mean age 44.3 years) participated. A total of 264 out of 367 days (70.2%) could be included in the analyses. No overall significant associations were found between CV of blood glucose and mean and CV of POMS scores, however, nocturnal hypoglycemia moderated the associations between CV of blood glucose and POMS scales (mean Fatigue Estimate 1.998, p < .006, mean Vigor Estimate −3.308, p < .001; CV Anger Estimate 0.731p = 0.02, CV Vigor Estimate −0.525, p = .006). Conclusion: We found no overall relationship between real-time glycemic variability and mood per day. Further research into within-person differences such as sleep and nocturnal hypoglycemia is warranted.
KW - Ecological momentary assessments
KW - Glucose variability
KW - Mood
KW - Type 1 diabetes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85168997796&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111477
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111477
M3 - Article
C2 - 37643560
SN - 0022-3999
VL - 173
JO - Journal of psychosomatic research
JF - Journal of psychosomatic research
M1 - 111477
ER -