TY - JOUR
T1 - Gray matter contamination in arterial spin labeling white matter perfusion measurements in patients with dementia
AU - Mutsaerts, Henri J. M. M.
AU - Richard, Edo
AU - Heijtel, Dennis F. R.
AU - van Osch, Matthias J. P.
AU - Majoie, Charles B. L. M.
AU - Nederveen, Aart J.
PY - 2014/1/1
Y1 - 2014/1/1
N2 - Introduction: White matter (WM) perfusion measurements with arterial spin labeling can be severely contaminated by gray matter (GM) perfusion signal, especially in the elderly. The current study investigates the spatial extent of GM contamination by comparing perfusion signal measured in the WM with signal measured outside the brain. Material and methods: Four minute 3T pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling scans were performed in 41 elderly subjects with cognitive impairment. Outward and inward geodesic distance maps were created, based on dilations and erosions of GM and WM masks. For all outward and inward geodesic distances, the mean CBF was calculated and compared. Results: GM contamination was mainly found in the first 3 subcortical WM voxels and had only minor influence on the deep WM signal (distances 4 to 7 voxels). Perfusion signal in the WM was significantly higher than perfusion signal outside the brain, indicating the presence of WM signal. Conclusion: These findings indicate that WM perfusion signal can be measured unaffected by GM contamination in elderly patients with cognitive impairment. GM contamination can be avoided by the erosion of WM masks, removing subcortical WM voxels from the analysis. These results should be taken into account when exploring the use of WM perfusion as micro-vascular biomarker. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
AB - Introduction: White matter (WM) perfusion measurements with arterial spin labeling can be severely contaminated by gray matter (GM) perfusion signal, especially in the elderly. The current study investigates the spatial extent of GM contamination by comparing perfusion signal measured in the WM with signal measured outside the brain. Material and methods: Four minute 3T pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling scans were performed in 41 elderly subjects with cognitive impairment. Outward and inward geodesic distance maps were created, based on dilations and erosions of GM and WM masks. For all outward and inward geodesic distances, the mean CBF was calculated and compared. Results: GM contamination was mainly found in the first 3 subcortical WM voxels and had only minor influence on the deep WM signal (distances 4 to 7 voxels). Perfusion signal in the WM was significantly higher than perfusion signal outside the brain, indicating the presence of WM signal. Conclusion: These findings indicate that WM perfusion signal can be measured unaffected by GM contamination in elderly patients with cognitive impairment. GM contamination can be avoided by the erosion of WM masks, removing subcortical WM voxels from the analysis. These results should be taken into account when exploring the use of WM perfusion as micro-vascular biomarker. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
KW - ASL, arterial spin labeling
KW - Arterial spin labeling
KW - CBF, cerebral blood flow
KW - CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
KW - Dementia
KW - GM, gray matter
KW - Gray matter contamination
KW - PSF, point spread function
KW - PV, partial volume
KW - Partial volume
KW - SNR, signal-to-noise ratio
KW - WM, white matter
KW - White matter perfusion
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84921292166&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84890445800&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2013.11.003
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2013.11.003
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24371796
SN - 2213-1582
VL - 4
SP - 139
EP - 144
JO - NeuroImage. Clinical
JF - NeuroImage. Clinical
ER -