Hybrid branch pulmonary artery stent placement in adults with congenital heart disease

Valuable treatment modalities for branch pulmonary artery (BPA) stenoses are surgical patch angioplasty, percutaneous BPA stenting and hybrid stent placement. The purpose of this study was to report our institutional experience with hybrid stent placement to relieve BPA stenoses. Between August 2007 and May 2014, 7 adults (5 females) with congenital heart disease (CHD) had elective intraoperative BPA stent placement. All 7 patients had undergone previous surgery [6 tetralogy of Fallot repairs and 1 arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries (TGAs)]. A total of 7 stents (4 right pulmonary artery, 3 left pulmonary artery) were implanted under direct vision, concomitant with a pulmonary homograft implantation (tetralogy of Fallot patients), or because percutaneous stenting was not feasible (TGA patient). Retrospective analysis of clinical data, procedural details and outcomes was performed. Overall, the mean age was 35 ± 7.2 years. Stent implantation was successful in all procedures. The mean postinflation stent diameter was 13.3 ± 2.0 mm. No stent migration, fracture, stent thrombosis, reintervention or deaths occurred. In 1 case the procedure was complicated by a right pulmonary artery tear just distal to the stent which was repaired by surgical patch angioplasty. At a mean follow-up of 55.6 ± 26 months no patient required catheter reintervention or surgery. Echocardiography (mean follow-up 47.1 ± 22 months), MRI (mean follow-up 43.8 ± 37 months) and CT data (mean follow-up 14.8 ± 10 months) demonstrate a BPA diameter increment from a mean 5.57 ± 2.29 to 10.71 ± 2.56 mm. Hybrid intraoperative BPA stent placement is safe and effective and can be used as an alternative for surgical patch angioplasty or if percutaneous BPA stenting is not feasible. Short- to mid-term results are good