TY - JOUR
T1 - Pathogenesis of relapsing fever
AU - Lopez, Job
AU - Hovius, Joppe W.
AU - Bergström, Sven
N1 - Funding Information: This article was based on a previous publication by Alan Barbour and Betty Guo, whose contributions are the foundation of the current review. JL was supported by the NIH grant AI137412,, JWH was supported by the European Union’s regional development fund (INTERREG) as part of the NorthTick project and SB from the Swedish Research Council (VR-MH 01885). Publisher Copyright: © 2022, Caister Academic Press. All rights reserved. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Relapsing fever (RF) is caused by several species of Borrelia; all, except two species, are transmitted to humans by soft (argasid) ticks. The species B. recurrentis is transmitted from one human to another by the body louse, while B. miyamotoi is vectored by hard-bodied ixodid tick species. RF Borrelia have several pathogenic features that facilitate invasion and dissemination in the infected host. In this article we discuss the dynamics of vector acquisition and subsequent transmission of RF Borrelia to their vertebrate hosts. We also review taxonomic challenges for RF Borrelia as new species have been isolated throughout the globe. Moreover, aspects of pathogenesis including symptomology, neurotropism, erythrocyte and platelet adhesion are discussed. We expound on RF Borrelia evasion strategies for innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on the most fundamental pathogenetic attributes, multiphasic antigenic variation. Lastly, we review new and emerging species of RF Borrelia and discuss future directions for this global disease.
AB - Relapsing fever (RF) is caused by several species of Borrelia; all, except two species, are transmitted to humans by soft (argasid) ticks. The species B. recurrentis is transmitted from one human to another by the body louse, while B. miyamotoi is vectored by hard-bodied ixodid tick species. RF Borrelia have several pathogenic features that facilitate invasion and dissemination in the infected host. In this article we discuss the dynamics of vector acquisition and subsequent transmission of RF Borrelia to their vertebrate hosts. We also review taxonomic challenges for RF Borrelia as new species have been isolated throughout the globe. Moreover, aspects of pathogenesis including symptomology, neurotropism, erythrocyte and platelet adhesion are discussed. We expound on RF Borrelia evasion strategies for innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on the most fundamental pathogenetic attributes, multiphasic antigenic variation. Lastly, we review new and emerging species of RF Borrelia and discuss future directions for this global disease.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102558974&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.21775/cimb.042.519
DO - https://doi.org/10.21775/cimb.042.519
M3 - Article
C2 - 33372163
SN - 1467-3037
VL - 42
SP - 519
EP - 550
JO - Current issues in molecular biology
JF - Current issues in molecular biology
ER -