T1G1 Bladder Cancer: Prognosis for this Rare Pathological Diagnosis Within the Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Spectrum

Irene J Beijert, Anouk E Hentschel, Johannes Bründl, Eva M Compérat, Karin Plass, Oscar Rodríguez, Jose D Subiela Henríquez, Virginia Hernández, Enrique de la Peña, Isabel Alemany, Diana Turturica, Francesca Pisano, Francesco Soria, Otakar Čapoun, Lenka Bauerová, Michael Pešl, H Maxim Bruins, Willemien Runneboom, Sonja Herdegen, Johannes BreyerAntonin Brisuda, Ana Calatrava, José Rubio-Briones, Maximilian Seles, Sebastian Mannweiler, Judith Bosschieter, Venkata R M Kusuma, David Ashabere, Nicolai Huebner, Juliette Cotte, Laura S Mertens, Alexandra Masson-Lecomte, Fredrik Liedberg, Daniel Cohen, Luca Lunelli, Olivier Cussenot, Soha El Sheikh, Dimitrios Volanis, Jean-François Côté, Morgan Rouprêt, Andrea Haitel, Shahrokh F Shariat, A Hugh Mostafid, Jakko A Nieuwenhuijzen, Richard Zigeuner, Jose L Dominguez-Escrig, Jaromir Hacek, Alexandre R Zlotta, Maximilian Burger, Matthias Evert, Christina A Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, Antoine G van der Heijden, Lambertus A L M Kiemeney, Viktor Soukup, Luca Molinaro, Paolo Gontero, Carlos Llorente, Ferran Algaba, Joan Palou, James N'Dow, Maria J Ribal, Theo H van der Kwast, Marko Babjuk, Richard J Sylvester, Bas W G van Rhijn

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

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Abstract

Background: The pathological existence and clinical consequence of stage T1 grade 1 (T1G1) bladder cancer are the subject of debate. Even though the diagnosis of T1G1 is controversial, several reports have consistently found a prevalence of 2–6% G1 in their T1 series. However, it remains unclear if T1G1 carcinomas have added value as a separate category to predict prognosis within the non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) spectrum. Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of T1G1 carcinomas compared to TaG1 and T1G2 carcinomas within the NMIBC spectrum. Design, setting, and participants: Individual patient data for 5170 primary Ta and T1 bladder tumors from 17 hospitals in Europe and Canada were analyzed. Transurethral resection (TUR) was performed between 1990 and 2018. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Time to recurrence and progression were analyzed using cumulative incidence functions, log-rank tests, and multivariable Cox regression models stratified by institution. Results and limitations: T1G1 represented 1.9% (99/5170) of all carcinomas and 5.3% (99/1859) of T1 carcinomas. According to primary TUR dates, the proportion of T1G1 varied between 0.9% and 3.5% per year, with similar percentages in the early and later calendar years. We found no difference in time to recurrence between T1G1 and TaG1 (p = 0.91) or between T1G1 and T1G2 (p = 0.30). Time to progression significantly differed between TaG1 and T1G1 (p < 0.001) but not between T1G1 and T1G2 (p = 0.30). Multivariable analyses for recurrence and progression showed similar results. Conclusions: The relative prevalence of T1G1 diagnosis was low and remained constant over the past three decades. Time to recurrence of T1G1 NMIBC was comparable to that for other stage/grade NMIBC combinations. Time to progression of T1G1 NMIBC was comparable to that for T1G2 but not for TaG1, suggesting that treatment and surveillance of T1G1 carcinomas should be more like the approaches for T1G2 NMIBC in accordance with the intermediate and/or high risk categories of the European Association of Urology NMIBC guidelines. Patient summary: Although rare, stage T1 grade 1 (T1G1) bladder cancer is still diagnosed in daily clinical practice. Using individual patient data from 17 centers in Europe and Canada, we found that time to progression of T1G1 cancer was comparable to that for T1G2 but not TaG1 cancer. Therefore, our results suggest that primary T1G1 bladder cancers should be managed with more aggressive treatment and more frequent follow-up than for low-risk bladder cancer.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1627-1634
Number of pages8
JournalEuropean urology focus
Volume8
Issue number6
Early online date13 May 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Nov 2022

Keywords

  • Bladder
  • Cancer
  • Carcinoma
  • G1
  • Grade
  • Non–muscle-invasive
  • T1
  • Urothelial
  • World Health Organization

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