TY - JOUR
T1 - The Role of the Lymphatic System in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
AU - Nikolakis, Dimitrios
AU - de Voogd, Floris A. E.
AU - Pruijt, Maarten J.
AU - Grootjans, Joep
AU - van de Sande, Marleen G.
AU - D’haens, Geert R.
N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 847551 (ARCAID Project). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/2/1
Y1 - 2022/2/1
N2 - Although the number of therapeutic options for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased in recent years, patients suffer from decreased quality of life due to nonresponse or loss of response to the currently available treatments. An increased understanding of this disease’s etiology could provide novel insights for treatment strategies in IBD. Lymphatic system components are generally linked to immune responses and presumably related to inflammatory diseases pathophysiology. This review aims to summarize findings on immune-mediated mechanisms in lymphoid tissues linked with IBD pathogenesis and (potential) novel treatments. Enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses were observed in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and other lymphoid structures, such as Peyer’s patches, in patients with IBD and in animal models. Furthermore, the phenomenon of lymphatic obstruction in the form of granulomas in MLNs and lymphatic vessels correlates with disease activity. There is also evidence that abnormalities in the lymphatic stromal components and lymph node microbiome are common in IBD and could be exploited therapeutically. Finally, novel agents targeting lymphocyte trafficking have been added to the treatment armamentarium in the field of IBD. Overall, gut-associated lymphoid tissue plays a key role in IBD immunopathogenesis, which could offer novel therapeutic targets.
AB - Although the number of therapeutic options for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased in recent years, patients suffer from decreased quality of life due to nonresponse or loss of response to the currently available treatments. An increased understanding of this disease’s etiology could provide novel insights for treatment strategies in IBD. Lymphatic system components are generally linked to immune responses and presumably related to inflammatory diseases pathophysiology. This review aims to summarize findings on immune-mediated mechanisms in lymphoid tissues linked with IBD pathogenesis and (potential) novel treatments. Enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses were observed in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and other lymphoid structures, such as Peyer’s patches, in patients with IBD and in animal models. Furthermore, the phenomenon of lymphatic obstruction in the form of granulomas in MLNs and lymphatic vessels correlates with disease activity. There is also evidence that abnormalities in the lymphatic stromal components and lymph node microbiome are common in IBD and could be exploited therapeutically. Finally, novel agents targeting lymphocyte trafficking have been added to the treatment armamentarium in the field of IBD. Overall, gut-associated lymphoid tissue plays a key role in IBD immunopathogenesis, which could offer novel therapeutic targets.
KW - IBD
KW - Lymph nodes
KW - Lymphatic obstruction
KW - Lymphocyte trafficking
KW - Microbiome
KW - Peyer’s patches
KW - Stroma
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123946893&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031854
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031854
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35163775
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 23
JO - International journal of molecular sciences
JF - International journal of molecular sciences
IS - 3
M1 - 1854
ER -