TY - JOUR
T1 - Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Skeletal Muscle: Effects of Hypothyroidism and Fasting
AU - Heemstra, Karen A.
AU - Soeters, Maarten R.
AU - Fliers, Eric
AU - Serlie, Mireille J.
AU - Burggraaf, Jacobus
AU - van Doorn, Martijn B.
AU - van der Klaauw, Agatha A.
AU - Romijn, Johannes A.
AU - Smit, Johannes W.
AU - Corssmit, Eleonora P.
AU - Visser, Theo J.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - Context: The iodothyronine deiodinases D1, D2, and D3 enable tissue-specific adaptation of thyroid hormone levels in response to various conditions, such as hypothyroidism or fasting. The possible expression of D2 mRNA in skeletal muscle is intriguing because this enzyme could play a role in systemic as well as local T-3 production. Objective: We determined D2 activity and D2 mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle biopsies under control conditions and during hypothyroidism, fasting, and hyperinsulinemia. Design: This was a prospective study. Setting: The study was conducted at a university hospital. Patients: We studied 11 thyroidectomized patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) on and after 4 wk off T-4 replacement and six healthy lean subjects in the fasting state and during hyperinsulinemia after both 14 and 62 h of fasting. Mean Outcome Measures: D2 activity and D2 mRNA levels were measured in skeletal muscle samples. Results: No differences were observed in muscle D2 mRNA levels in DTC patients on and off T-4 replacement therapy. In healthy subjects, muscle D2 mRNA levels were lower after 62 h compared to 14 h of fasting. Insulin increased mRNA expression after 62 h, but not after 14 h of fasting. Skeletal muscle D2 activities were very low and not influenced by hypothyroidism and fasting. Conclusion: Human skeletal muscle D2 mRNA expression is modulated by fasting and insulin, but not by hypothyroidism. The lack of a clear effect of D2 mRNA modulation on the observed low D2 activities questions the physiological relevance of D2 activity in human skeletal muscle. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 2144-2150, 2009)
AB - Context: The iodothyronine deiodinases D1, D2, and D3 enable tissue-specific adaptation of thyroid hormone levels in response to various conditions, such as hypothyroidism or fasting. The possible expression of D2 mRNA in skeletal muscle is intriguing because this enzyme could play a role in systemic as well as local T-3 production. Objective: We determined D2 activity and D2 mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle biopsies under control conditions and during hypothyroidism, fasting, and hyperinsulinemia. Design: This was a prospective study. Setting: The study was conducted at a university hospital. Patients: We studied 11 thyroidectomized patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) on and after 4 wk off T-4 replacement and six healthy lean subjects in the fasting state and during hyperinsulinemia after both 14 and 62 h of fasting. Mean Outcome Measures: D2 activity and D2 mRNA levels were measured in skeletal muscle samples. Results: No differences were observed in muscle D2 mRNA levels in DTC patients on and off T-4 replacement therapy. In healthy subjects, muscle D2 mRNA levels were lower after 62 h compared to 14 h of fasting. Insulin increased mRNA expression after 62 h, but not after 14 h of fasting. Skeletal muscle D2 activities were very low and not influenced by hypothyroidism and fasting. Conclusion: Human skeletal muscle D2 mRNA expression is modulated by fasting and insulin, but not by hypothyroidism. The lack of a clear effect of D2 mRNA modulation on the observed low D2 activities questions the physiological relevance of D2 activity in human skeletal muscle. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 2144-2150, 2009)
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-2520
DO - https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-2520
M3 - Article
C2 - 19293265
SN - 0021-972X
VL - 94
SP - 2144
EP - 2150
JO - Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
JF - Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
IS - 6
ER -