Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of daily monitoring visual analog scales in MASK-air®

Bernardo Sousa-Pinto; Patrik Eklund; Oliver Pfaar; Ludger Klimek; Torsten Zuberbier; Wienczyslawa Czarlewski; Annabelle Bédard; Carsten Bindslev-Jensen; Anna Bedbrook; Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich; Luisa Brussino; Victoria Cardona; Alvaro A. Cruz; Govert de Vries; Philippe Devillier; Wytske J. Fokkens; José Miguel Fuentes-Pérez; Bilun Gemicioğlu; Tari Haahtela; Yunen Rocío Huerta-Villalobos; Juan Carlos Ivancevich; Inger Kull; Piotr Kuna; Violeta Kvedariene; D. sirée E. Larenas Linnemann; Daniel Laune; Michael Makris; Erik Melén; M. rio Morais-Almeida; Ralph Mösges; Joaquim Mullol; Robyn E. O'Hehir; Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos; Ana Margarida Pereira; Emmanuel P. Prokopakis; Fotis Psarros; Frederico S. Regateiro; Sietze Reitsma; Boleslaw Samolinski; Nicola Scichilone; Jane da Silva; Cristiana Stellato; Ana Todo-Bom; Peter Valentin Tomazic; Sanna Toppila Salmi; Antonio Valero; Arunas Valiulis; Erkka Valovirta; Michiel van Eerd; Maria Teresa Ventura; Arzu Yorgancioglu; Xavier Basagaña; Josep M. Antó; Jean Bousquet; João Almeida Fonseca

doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/clt2.12062

Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of daily monitoring visual analog scales in MASK-air®

Bernardo Sousa-Pinto, Patrik Eklund, Oliver Pfaar, Ludger Klimek, Torsten Zuberbier, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, Annabelle Bédard, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Anna Bedbrook, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, Luisa Brussino, Victoria Cardona, Alvaro A. Cruz, Govert de Vries, Philippe Devillier, Wytske J. Fokkens, José Miguel Fuentes-Pérez, Bilun Gemicioğlu, Tari Haahtela, Yunen Rocío Huerta-VillalobosJuan Carlos Ivancevich, Inger Kull, Piotr Kuna, Violeta Kvedariene, D. sirée E. Larenas Linnemann, Daniel Laune, Michael Makris, Erik Melén, M. rio Morais-Almeida, Ralph Mösges, Joaquim Mullol, Robyn E. O'Hehir, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Ana Margarida Pereira, Emmanuel P. Prokopakis, Fotis Psarros, Frederico S. Regateiro, Sietze Reitsma, Boleslaw Samolinski, Nicola Scichilone, Jane da Silva, Cristiana Stellato, Ana Todo-Bom, Peter Valentin Tomazic, Sanna Toppila Salmi, Antonio Valero, Arunas Valiulis, Erkka Valovirta, Michiel van Eerd, Maria Teresa Ventura, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Xavier Basagaña, Josep M. Antó, Jean Bousquet, João Almeida Fonseca

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › Academic › peer-review

31 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: MASK-air® is an app that supports allergic rhinitis patients in disease control. Users register daily allergy symptoms and their impact on activities using visual analog scales (VASs). We aimed to assess the concurrent validity, reliability, and responsiveness of these daily VASs. Methods: Daily monitoring VAS data were assessed in MASK-air® users with allergic rhinitis. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating daily VAS values with those of the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) VAS, the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) score, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Allergic Specific (WPAI-AS) Questionnaire (work and activity impairment scores). Intra-rater reliability was assessed in users providing multiple daily VASs within the same day. Test–retest reliability was tested in clinically stable users, as defined by the EQ-5D VAS, CARAT, or “VAS Work” (i.e., VAS assessing the impact of allergy on work). Responsiveness was determined in users with two consecutive measurements of EQ-5D-VAS or “VAS Work” indicating clinical change. Results: A total of 17,780 MASK-air® users, with 317,176 VAS days, were assessed. Concurrent validity was moderate–high (Spearman correlation coefficient range: 0.437–0.716). Intra-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged between 0.870 (VAS assessing global allergy symptoms) and 0.937 (VAS assessing allergy symptoms on sleep). Test–retest reliability ICCs ranged between 0.604 and 0.878—“VAS Work” and “VAS asthma” presented the highest ICCs. Moderate/large responsiveness effect sizes were observed—the sleep VAS was associated with lower responsiveness, while the global allergy symptoms VAS demonstrated higher responsiveness. Conclusion: In MASK-air®, daily monitoring VASs have high intra-rater reliability and moderate–high validity, reliability, and responsiveness, pointing to a reliable measure of symptom loads.

Original language	English
Article number	e12062
Journal	Clinical and Translational Allergy
Volume	11
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/clt2.12062
Publication status	Published - 1 Aug 2021

Keywords

allergic rhinitis
mobile health
reliability
responsiveness
visual analog scales

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https://doi.org/10.1002/clt2.12062

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Sousa-Pinto, B., Eklund, P., Pfaar, O., Klimek, L., Zuberbier, T., Czarlewski, W., Bédard, A., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Bedbrook, A., Bosnic-Anticevich, S., Brussino, L., Cardona, V., Cruz, A. A., de Vries, G., Devillier, P., Fokkens, W. J., Fuentes-Pérez, J. M., Gemicioğlu, B., Haahtela, T., ... Fonseca, J. A. (2021). Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of daily monitoring visual analog scales in MASK-air®. Clinical and Translational Allergy, 11(7), Article e12062. https://doi.org/10.1002/clt2.12062

@article{6b724a30f892458398b07112e188df39,

title = "Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of daily monitoring visual analog scales in MASK-air{\textregistered}",

abstract = "Background: MASK-air{\textregistered} is an app that supports allergic rhinitis patients in disease control. Users register daily allergy symptoms and their impact on activities using visual analog scales (VASs). We aimed to assess the concurrent validity, reliability, and responsiveness of these daily VASs. Methods: Daily monitoring VAS data were assessed in MASK-air{\textregistered} users with allergic rhinitis. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating daily VAS values with those of the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) VAS, the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) score, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Allergic Specific (WPAI-AS) Questionnaire (work and activity impairment scores). Intra-rater reliability was assessed in users providing multiple daily VASs within the same day. Test–retest reliability was tested in clinically stable users, as defined by the EQ-5D VAS, CARAT, or “VAS Work” (i.e., VAS assessing the impact of allergy on work). Responsiveness was determined in users with two consecutive measurements of EQ-5D-VAS or “VAS Work” indicating clinical change. Results: A total of 17,780 MASK-air{\textregistered} users, with 317,176 VAS days, were assessed. Concurrent validity was moderate–high (Spearman correlation coefficient range: 0.437–0.716). Intra-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged between 0.870 (VAS assessing global allergy symptoms) and 0.937 (VAS assessing allergy symptoms on sleep). Test–retest reliability ICCs ranged between 0.604 and 0.878—“VAS Work” and “VAS asthma” presented the highest ICCs. Moderate/large responsiveness effect sizes were observed—the sleep VAS was associated with lower responsiveness, while the global allergy symptoms VAS demonstrated higher responsiveness. Conclusion: In MASK-air{\textregistered}, daily monitoring VASs have high intra-rater reliability and moderate–high validity, reliability, and responsiveness, pointing to a reliable measure of symptom loads.",

keywords = "allergic rhinitis, mobile health, reliability, responsiveness, visual analog scales",

author = "Bernardo Sousa-Pinto and Patrik Eklund and Oliver Pfaar and Ludger Klimek and Torsten Zuberbier and Wienczyslawa Czarlewski and Annabelle B{\'e}dard and Carsten Bindslev-Jensen and Anna Bedbrook and Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich and Luisa Brussino and Victoria Cardona and Cruz, {Alvaro A.} and {de Vries}, Govert and Philippe Devillier and Fokkens, {Wytske J.} and Fuentes-P{\'e}rez, {Jos{\'e} Miguel} and Bilun Gemicioğlu and Tari Haahtela and Huerta-Villalobos, {Yunen Roc{\'i}o} and Ivancevich, {Juan Carlos} and Inger Kull and Piotr Kuna and Violeta Kvedariene and {Larenas Linnemann}, {D. sir{\'e}e E.} and Daniel Laune and Michael Makris and Erik Mel{\'e}n and Morais-Almeida, {M. rio} and Ralph M{\"o}sges and Joaquim Mullol and O'Hehir, {Robyn E.} and Papadopoulos, {Nikolaos G.} and Pereira, {Ana Margarida} and Prokopakis, {Emmanuel P.} and Fotis Psarros and Regateiro, {Frederico S.} and Sietze Reitsma and Boleslaw Samolinski and Nicola Scichilone and {da Silva}, Jane and Cristiana Stellato and Ana Todo-Bom and Tomazic, {Peter Valentin} and Salmi, {Sanna Toppila} and Antonio Valero and Arunas Valiulis and Erkka Valovirta and {van Eerd}, Michiel and Ventura, {Maria Teresa} and Arzu Yorgancioglu and Xavier Basaga{\~n}a and Ant{\'o}, {Josep M.} and Jean Bousquet and Fonseca, {Jo{\~a}o Almeida}",

note = "Funding Information: The study was funded by ARIA. Funding Information: Sinthia Bosnic‐Anticevich reports grants from TEVA and personal fees from TEVA, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Sanofi, Mylan. Jean Bousquet reports personal fees from Chiesi, Cipla, Hikma, Menarini, Mundipharma, Mylan, Novartis, Sanofi‐Aventis, Takeda, Teva, Uriach, other from KYomed‐Innov, and personal fees from Purina. Victoria Cardona reports personal fees from ALK, Allergy Therapeutics, LETI, Thermofisher, Merck, Astrazeneca, and GSK. Alvaro A Cruz reports grants and personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees from Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Chiesi, Boehringer Ingelheim, Mylan, and Eurofarma. Philippe Devillier reports personal fees from Mylan. Bilun Gemicioğlu reports grants from AstraZeneca, MSD, GSK, Deva, Novartis, and Abdi Ibrahim. Tari Haahtela reports personal fees from GSK, Mundipharma, Orion Pharma, Sanofi, Juan Carlos Ivancevich reports personal fees from Sanofi, Faes Farma, Laboratorios Casasco, Abbott, Ludger Klimek reports grants and personal fees from Allergopharma, LETI Pharma, MEDA/Mylan, and Sanofi, personal fees from Allergy Therapeut, Casssela med, and HAL Allergie, grants from ALK Abell{\'o}, Stallergenes, Quintiles, ASIT biotech, Lofarma, AstraZeneca, GSK, Inmunotk, and Membership: AeDA, DGHNO, Deutsche Akademie f{\"u}r Allergologie und klinische Immunologie, HNO‐BV, GPA, and EAACI. Piotr Kuna reports personal fees from Adamed, AstraZeneca, Berlin Chemie Menarini, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, HAL Allergy, Lekam, Mylan, Novartis, and Teva. D{\'e}sir{\'e}e Larenas Linnemann reports personal fees from Allakos, Amstrong, Astrazeneca, DBV Technologies, Grunenthal, GSK, Mylan, Menarini, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Siegfried, UCB, Alakos, and Gossamer, grants from Sanofi, Astrazeneca, Novartis, Circassia, UCB, GSK, TEVA, and Purina Institute. Michael Makris reports personal fees from Novartis, AstraZeneca, GSK, Chiesi, Menarini, Sanofi Genzyme, and Pfizer. Joaquin Mullol reports personal fees and other from SANOFI‐GENZYME & REGENERON, Genentech‐Roche & NOVARTIS, grants and personal fees from VIATRIS (MEDA‐MYLAN Pharma) and URIACH Group, and personal fees from Mitsubishi‐Tanabe, Menarini, UCB, AstraZeneca, and GSK. Oliver Pfaar reports grants and personal fees from ALK‐Abell{\'o}, Allergopharma, Stallergenes Greer, HAL Allergy Holding B.V./HAL Allergie GmbH, Bencard Allergie GmbH/Allergy Therapeutics, Lofarma, Anergis S.A., ASIT Biotech Tools S.A., Laboratorios LETI/LETI Pharma, and Glaxo Smith Kline, grants from Biomay, Circassia, Pohl‐Boskamp, and Inmunotek S.L., and personal fees from MEDA Pharma/MYLAN, Mobile Chamber Experts (a GALEN Partner), Indoor Biotechnologies, Astellas Pharma Global, EUFOREA, ROXALL Medizin, Novartis, Sanofi‐Aventis and Sanofi‐Genzyme, Med Update Europe GmbH, streamedup! GmbH, John Wiley and Sons, AS, and Paul‐Martini‐Stiftung (PMS). Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos reports personal fees from Novartis, Nutricia, HAL, MENARINI/FAES FARMA, SANOFI, MYLAN/MEDA, BIOMAY, AstraZeneca, GSK, MSD, ASIT BIOTECH, and Boehringer Ingelheim and grants from Gerolymatos International SA, and Capricare. Boleslaw Samolinski reports personal fees from Allergopharma, Polpharma, Viatris, TEVA, ADAMED, patient ombudsman, and Polish Allergology Society, grants from AstraZeneca, National Health Programme, and grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca. Ana Todo‐Bom reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, GSK (GlaxoSmithKline), Novartis, Sanofi, Teva, and Mundipharma, personal fees from Bial, and grants from Leti. Torsten Zuberbier reports personal fees from Bayer Health Care, FAES, Novartis, Henkel, Novartis, from Henkel, AstraZeneca, AbbVie Fee for talk, ALK Fee for talk, Almirall Fee for talk, Astellas Fee for talk, Bayer Health Care Fee for talk, Bencard Fee for talk, Berlin Chemie Fee for talk, FAES Fee for talk, HAL Fee for talk, Leti Fee for talk, Meda Fee for talk, Menarini Fee for talk, Merck Fee for talk, MSD Fee for talk, Novartis Fee for talk, Pfizer Fee for talk, Sanofi Fee for talk, Stallergenes Fee for talk, Takeda Fee for talk, Teva Fee for talk, UCB Fee for talk, Henkel Fee for talk, Kryolan Fee for talk, and L'Or{\'e}al Fee for talk. 2 Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Allergy published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.",

year = "2021",

month = aug,

day = "1",

doi = "https://doi.org/10.1002/clt2.12062",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

journal = "Clinical and Translational Allergy",

issn = "2045-7022",

publisher = "BioMed Central",

number = "7",

}

Sousa-Pinto, B, Eklund, P, Pfaar, O, Klimek, L, Zuberbier, T, Czarlewski, W, Bédard, A, Bindslev-Jensen, C, Bedbrook, A, Bosnic-Anticevich, S, Brussino, L, Cardona, V, Cruz, AA, de Vries, G, Devillier, P, Fokkens, WJ, Fuentes-Pérez, JM, Gemicioğlu, B, Haahtela, T, Huerta-Villalobos, YR, Ivancevich, JC, Kull, I, Kuna, P, Kvedariene, V, Larenas Linnemann, DSE, Laune, D, Makris, M, Melén, E, Morais-Almeida, MR, Mösges, R, Mullol, J, O'Hehir, RE, Papadopoulos, NG, Pereira, AM, Prokopakis, EP, Psarros, F, Regateiro, FS, Reitsma, S, Samolinski, B, Scichilone, N, da Silva, J, Stellato, C, Todo-Bom, A, Tomazic, PV, Salmi, ST, Valero, A, Valiulis, A, Valovirta, E, van Eerd, M, Ventura, MT, Yorgancioglu, A, Basagaña, X, Antó, JM, Bousquet, J & Fonseca, JA 2021, 'Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of daily monitoring visual analog scales in MASK-air®', Clinical and Translational Allergy, vol. 11, no. 7, e12062. https://doi.org/10.1002/clt2.12062

TY - JOUR

T1 - Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of daily monitoring visual analog scales in MASK-air®

AU - Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo

AU - Eklund, Patrik

AU - Pfaar, Oliver

AU - Klimek, Ludger

AU - Zuberbier, Torsten

AU - Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa

AU - Bédard, Annabelle

AU - Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten

AU - Bedbrook, Anna

AU - Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia

AU - Brussino, Luisa

AU - Cardona, Victoria

AU - Cruz, Alvaro A.

AU - de Vries, Govert

AU - Devillier, Philippe

AU - Fokkens, Wytske J.

AU - Fuentes-Pérez, José Miguel

AU - Gemicioğlu, Bilun

AU - Haahtela, Tari

AU - Huerta-Villalobos, Yunen Rocío

AU - Ivancevich, Juan Carlos

AU - Kull, Inger

AU - Kuna, Piotr

AU - Kvedariene, Violeta

AU - Larenas Linnemann, D. sirée E.

AU - Laune, Daniel

AU - Makris, Michael

AU - Melén, Erik

AU - Morais-Almeida, M. rio

AU - Mösges, Ralph

AU - Mullol, Joaquim

AU - O'Hehir, Robyn E.

AU - Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.

AU - Pereira, Ana Margarida

AU - Prokopakis, Emmanuel P.

AU - Psarros, Fotis

AU - Regateiro, Frederico S.

AU - Reitsma, Sietze

AU - Samolinski, Boleslaw

AU - Scichilone, Nicola

AU - da Silva, Jane

AU - Stellato, Cristiana

AU - Todo-Bom, Ana

AU - Tomazic, Peter Valentin

AU - Salmi, Sanna Toppila

AU - Valero, Antonio

AU - Valiulis, Arunas

AU - Valovirta, Erkka

AU - van Eerd, Michiel

AU - Ventura, Maria Teresa

AU - Yorgancioglu, Arzu

AU - Basagaña, Xavier

AU - Antó, Josep M.

AU - Bousquet, Jean

AU - Fonseca, João Almeida

N1 - Funding Information: The study was funded by ARIA. Funding Information: Sinthia Bosnic‐Anticevich reports grants from TEVA and personal fees from TEVA, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Sanofi, Mylan. Jean Bousquet reports personal fees from Chiesi, Cipla, Hikma, Menarini, Mundipharma, Mylan, Novartis, Sanofi‐Aventis, Takeda, Teva, Uriach, other from KYomed‐Innov, and personal fees from Purina. Victoria Cardona reports personal fees from ALK, Allergy Therapeutics, LETI, Thermofisher, Merck, Astrazeneca, and GSK. Alvaro A Cruz reports grants and personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees from Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Chiesi, Boehringer Ingelheim, Mylan, and Eurofarma. Philippe Devillier reports personal fees from Mylan. Bilun Gemicioğlu reports grants from AstraZeneca, MSD, GSK, Deva, Novartis, and Abdi Ibrahim. Tari Haahtela reports personal fees from GSK, Mundipharma, Orion Pharma, Sanofi, Juan Carlos Ivancevich reports personal fees from Sanofi, Faes Farma, Laboratorios Casasco, Abbott, Ludger Klimek reports grants and personal fees from Allergopharma, LETI Pharma, MEDA/Mylan, and Sanofi, personal fees from Allergy Therapeut, Casssela med, and HAL Allergie, grants from ALK Abelló, Stallergenes, Quintiles, ASIT biotech, Lofarma, AstraZeneca, GSK, Inmunotk, and Membership: AeDA, DGHNO, Deutsche Akademie für Allergologie und klinische Immunologie, HNO‐BV, GPA, and EAACI. Piotr Kuna reports personal fees from Adamed, AstraZeneca, Berlin Chemie Menarini, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, HAL Allergy, Lekam, Mylan, Novartis, and Teva. Désirée Larenas Linnemann reports personal fees from Allakos, Amstrong, Astrazeneca, DBV Technologies, Grunenthal, GSK, Mylan, Menarini, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Siegfried, UCB, Alakos, and Gossamer, grants from Sanofi, Astrazeneca, Novartis, Circassia, UCB, GSK, TEVA, and Purina Institute. Michael Makris reports personal fees from Novartis, AstraZeneca, GSK, Chiesi, Menarini, Sanofi Genzyme, and Pfizer. Joaquin Mullol reports personal fees and other from SANOFI‐GENZYME & REGENERON, Genentech‐Roche & NOVARTIS, grants and personal fees from VIATRIS (MEDA‐MYLAN Pharma) and URIACH Group, and personal fees from Mitsubishi‐Tanabe, Menarini, UCB, AstraZeneca, and GSK. Oliver Pfaar reports grants and personal fees from ALK‐Abelló, Allergopharma, Stallergenes Greer, HAL Allergy Holding B.V./HAL Allergie GmbH, Bencard Allergie GmbH/Allergy Therapeutics, Lofarma, Anergis S.A., ASIT Biotech Tools S.A., Laboratorios LETI/LETI Pharma, and Glaxo Smith Kline, grants from Biomay, Circassia, Pohl‐Boskamp, and Inmunotek S.L., and personal fees from MEDA Pharma/MYLAN, Mobile Chamber Experts (a GALEN Partner), Indoor Biotechnologies, Astellas Pharma Global, EUFOREA, ROXALL Medizin, Novartis, Sanofi‐Aventis and Sanofi‐Genzyme, Med Update Europe GmbH, streamedup! GmbH, John Wiley and Sons, AS, and Paul‐Martini‐Stiftung (PMS). Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos reports personal fees from Novartis, Nutricia, HAL, MENARINI/FAES FARMA, SANOFI, MYLAN/MEDA, BIOMAY, AstraZeneca, GSK, MSD, ASIT BIOTECH, and Boehringer Ingelheim and grants from Gerolymatos International SA, and Capricare. Boleslaw Samolinski reports personal fees from Allergopharma, Polpharma, Viatris, TEVA, ADAMED, patient ombudsman, and Polish Allergology Society, grants from AstraZeneca, National Health Programme, and grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca. Ana Todo‐Bom reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, GSK (GlaxoSmithKline), Novartis, Sanofi, Teva, and Mundipharma, personal fees from Bial, and grants from Leti. Torsten Zuberbier reports personal fees from Bayer Health Care, FAES, Novartis, Henkel, Novartis, from Henkel, AstraZeneca, AbbVie Fee for talk, ALK Fee for talk, Almirall Fee for talk, Astellas Fee for talk, Bayer Health Care Fee for talk, Bencard Fee for talk, Berlin Chemie Fee for talk, FAES Fee for talk, HAL Fee for talk, Leti Fee for talk, Meda Fee for talk, Menarini Fee for talk, Merck Fee for talk, MSD Fee for talk, Novartis Fee for talk, Pfizer Fee for talk, Sanofi Fee for talk, Stallergenes Fee for talk, Takeda Fee for talk, Teva Fee for talk, UCB Fee for talk, Henkel Fee for talk, Kryolan Fee for talk, and L'Oréal Fee for talk. 2 Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Allergy published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

PY - 2021/8/1

Y1 - 2021/8/1

N2 - Background: MASK-air® is an app that supports allergic rhinitis patients in disease control. Users register daily allergy symptoms and their impact on activities using visual analog scales (VASs). We aimed to assess the concurrent validity, reliability, and responsiveness of these daily VASs. Methods: Daily monitoring VAS data were assessed in MASK-air® users with allergic rhinitis. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating daily VAS values with those of the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) VAS, the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) score, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Allergic Specific (WPAI-AS) Questionnaire (work and activity impairment scores). Intra-rater reliability was assessed in users providing multiple daily VASs within the same day. Test–retest reliability was tested in clinically stable users, as defined by the EQ-5D VAS, CARAT, or “VAS Work” (i.e., VAS assessing the impact of allergy on work). Responsiveness was determined in users with two consecutive measurements of EQ-5D-VAS or “VAS Work” indicating clinical change. Results: A total of 17,780 MASK-air® users, with 317,176 VAS days, were assessed. Concurrent validity was moderate–high (Spearman correlation coefficient range: 0.437–0.716). Intra-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged between 0.870 (VAS assessing global allergy symptoms) and 0.937 (VAS assessing allergy symptoms on sleep). Test–retest reliability ICCs ranged between 0.604 and 0.878—“VAS Work” and “VAS asthma” presented the highest ICCs. Moderate/large responsiveness effect sizes were observed—the sleep VAS was associated with lower responsiveness, while the global allergy symptoms VAS demonstrated higher responsiveness. Conclusion: In MASK-air®, daily monitoring VASs have high intra-rater reliability and moderate–high validity, reliability, and responsiveness, pointing to a reliable measure of symptom loads.

AB - Background: MASK-air® is an app that supports allergic rhinitis patients in disease control. Users register daily allergy symptoms and their impact on activities using visual analog scales (VASs). We aimed to assess the concurrent validity, reliability, and responsiveness of these daily VASs. Methods: Daily monitoring VAS data were assessed in MASK-air® users with allergic rhinitis. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating daily VAS values with those of the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) VAS, the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) score, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Allergic Specific (WPAI-AS) Questionnaire (work and activity impairment scores). Intra-rater reliability was assessed in users providing multiple daily VASs within the same day. Test–retest reliability was tested in clinically stable users, as defined by the EQ-5D VAS, CARAT, or “VAS Work” (i.e., VAS assessing the impact of allergy on work). Responsiveness was determined in users with two consecutive measurements of EQ-5D-VAS or “VAS Work” indicating clinical change. Results: A total of 17,780 MASK-air® users, with 317,176 VAS days, were assessed. Concurrent validity was moderate–high (Spearman correlation coefficient range: 0.437–0.716). Intra-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged between 0.870 (VAS assessing global allergy symptoms) and 0.937 (VAS assessing allergy symptoms on sleep). Test–retest reliability ICCs ranged between 0.604 and 0.878—“VAS Work” and “VAS asthma” presented the highest ICCs. Moderate/large responsiveness effect sizes were observed—the sleep VAS was associated with lower responsiveness, while the global allergy symptoms VAS demonstrated higher responsiveness. Conclusion: In MASK-air®, daily monitoring VASs have high intra-rater reliability and moderate–high validity, reliability, and responsiveness, pointing to a reliable measure of symptom loads.

KW - allergic rhinitis

KW - mobile health

KW - reliability

KW - responsiveness

KW - visual analog scales

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115860874&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - https://doi.org/10.1002/clt2.12062

DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/clt2.12062

M3 - Review article

C2 - 34567526

SN - 2045-7022

VL - 11

JO - Clinical and Translational Allergy

JF - Clinical and Translational Allergy

IS - 7

M1 - e12062

ER -

Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of daily monitoring visual analog scales in MASK-air®

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