TY - JOUR
T1 - Artificial double inversion recovery images for (juxta)cortical lesion visualization in multiple sclerosis
AU - Bouman, Piet M.
AU - Strijbis, Victor I. J.
AU - Jonkman, Laura E.
AU - Hulst, Hanneke E.
AU - Geurts, Jeroen J. G.
AU - Steenwijk, Martijn D.
N1 - Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was funded by the Dutch MS Research Foundation, grant number 19-1049. Funding Information: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: P.M.B. and M.D.S. received research support from the Dutch MS Research Foundation, grant number 19-1049. H.E.H. received research support from the Dutch MS Research Foundation, grant number 12-548, and has received compensation for consulting services or speaker honoraria from Sanofi Genzyme, Merck Serono, Celgene and Biogen Idec. J.J.G.G. is an editor of Multiple Sclerosis Journal, is a member of the board of the Netherlands Organization for Healthy Research and Innovation and has served as a consultant for Merck-Serono, Biogen, Novartis, Genzyme and Teva Pharmaceuticals. V.I.J.S. and L.E.J. have nothing to disclose. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), 2021. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Background: Cortical lesions are highly inconspicuous on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Double inversion recovery (DIR) has a higher sensitivity than conventional clinical sequences (i.e. T1, T2, FLAIR) but is difficult to acquire, leading to overseen cortical lesions in clinical care and clinical trials. Objective: To evaluate the usability of artificially generated DIR (aDIR) images for cortical lesion detection compared to conventionally acquired DIR (cDIR). Methods: The dataset consisted of 3D-T1 and 2D-proton density (PD) T2 images of 73 patients (49RR, 20SP, 4PP) at 1.5 T. Using a 4:1 train:test-ratio, a fully convolutional neural network was trained to predict 3D-aDIR from 3D-T1 and 2D-PD/T2 images. Randomized blind scoring of the test set was used to determine detection reliability, precision and recall. Results: A total of 626 vs 696 cortical lesions were detected on 15 aDIR vs cDIR images (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.92). Compared to cDIR, precision and recall were 0.84 ± 0.06 and 0.76 ± 0.09, respectively. The frontal and temporal lobes showed the largest differences in discernibility. Conclusion: Cortical lesions can be detected with good reliability on artificial DIR. The technique has potential to broaden the availability of DIR in clinical care and provides the opportunity of ex post facto implementation of cortical lesions imaging in existing clinical trial data.
AB - Background: Cortical lesions are highly inconspicuous on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Double inversion recovery (DIR) has a higher sensitivity than conventional clinical sequences (i.e. T1, T2, FLAIR) but is difficult to acquire, leading to overseen cortical lesions in clinical care and clinical trials. Objective: To evaluate the usability of artificially generated DIR (aDIR) images for cortical lesion detection compared to conventionally acquired DIR (cDIR). Methods: The dataset consisted of 3D-T1 and 2D-proton density (PD) T2 images of 73 patients (49RR, 20SP, 4PP) at 1.5 T. Using a 4:1 train:test-ratio, a fully convolutional neural network was trained to predict 3D-aDIR from 3D-T1 and 2D-PD/T2 images. Randomized blind scoring of the test set was used to determine detection reliability, precision and recall. Results: A total of 626 vs 696 cortical lesions were detected on 15 aDIR vs cDIR images (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.92). Compared to cDIR, precision and recall were 0.84 ± 0.06 and 0.76 ± 0.09, respectively. The frontal and temporal lobes showed the largest differences in discernibility. Conclusion: Cortical lesions can be detected with good reliability on artificial DIR. The technique has potential to broaden the availability of DIR in clinical care and provides the opportunity of ex post facto implementation of cortical lesions imaging in existing clinical trial data.
KW - artificial intelligence
KW - clinical trial
KW - cortical lesions
KW - double inversion recovery
KW - magnetic resonance imaging
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85110165003&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585211029860
DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/13524585211029860
M3 - Article
C2 - 34259591
SN - 1352-4585
JO - MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
JF - MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
ER -